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Page 22 of 64 Rehman et al. Energy Mater 2024;4:400068 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2024.06

Figure 10. (A) (a) Stepwise schematic illustration of synthesis of N-C Sb S @NCR/MXene, (b) SEM image of N-C ribbons (NCR), (c)
2 3
Cross-section SEM images of Ti C T film, and (d) Cross-section SEM images of Sb S @NCR/MXene, (e) Rate performances at various
3 2 x 2 3
-1 -1
current densities, (f) Extended cycling at 1.0 A g . (B) (a) Galvanostatic charge-discharge profiles at 0.1 A g and contour maps of in
situ XRD pattern for the initial cycle, (b) (Dis)charge profiles with rate behavior at different ampere densities in full cell configuration,
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(c) Long-term cycling stability at a high current density of 1 A g . Inset shows lighting a red LED light when the fabricated full cell
[137]
battery is bent from 0° to 180°. Reproduced with permission from . Copyright © 2023 Elsevier.
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of 263 mAh g at 2 A g . A highly remarkable extended cycle capacity (173.2 mAh g CE 99.6%) was
-1
-1
observed after 1,000 cycles. In-situ XRD showed the material’s evolution with a highly reversible
intermediate phase, ensuring stable SIB anode performance [Figure 10B]. Such highly selective material
selection with flexible electrode design is highly desired for the commercialization of Sb S -derived SIB
2 3
anodes.
[138]
Zhu et al. have reported MoS @Sb S heterostructure composites enveloped by rGO . The MoS @Sb S
2
2 3
2
2 3
hybrid material with high porosity and a 3D interconnectivity could effectively wet the electrolyte and
enhance the kinetics with accelerated ion/electron diffusion at short diffusion pathways. When employed as
a negative electrode for SIBs, the composite anode showed fascinating performance (162.1 mAh g ) after
-1
1,100 cycles. A dual capacitive and diffusion-controlled operated SIB hybrid anode has been fabricated with
a simple hydrothermal assisted method by adding Sb salt, rGO, and thioacetamide into a teflon-lined
autoclave . The spherical nano-flowered Sb S @rGO composite sustained 75.4% (about 544.8 mAh g
-1
[102]
2 3
sustained) of its initial capacity (ICE 72.6%) after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g . The 3D assembly assured volume
-1
buffering and overall improved kinetics with structural endurance to sustain a rate performance of
-1
-1
434.4 mAh g at 2 A g .
Antimony-based selenides
Sb Se , a small band gap semiconductor with natural abundance and benignity, has shown a fascinating
3
2
theoretical capacity of about 670 mAh g as an SIB anode with 12 mol of Na per mol of Sb Se 3 [139,140] . Simple
+
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2