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Rehman et al. Energy Mater 2024;4:400068 Energy Materials
DOI: 10.20517/energymater.2024.06

Mini Review Open Access

Recent advances in alloying anode materials for

sodium-ion batteries: material design and prospects

4
2
Ata-ur Rehman 1 , Sanum Saleem , Shahid Ali 1 , Syed Mustansar Abbas 3 , Minsu Choi , Wonchang
Choi 4,*
1
Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management, King Fahd University of Petroleum and
Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
2
National Metrology Institute of Pakistan, Islamabad 44800, Pakistan.
3
Nanoscience and Technology Department, National Centre for Physics, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
4
Department of Energy Engineering, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
Correspondence to: Prof. Wonchang Choi, Department of Energy Engineering, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-
gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea. E-mail: wcchoi@konkuk.ac.kr
How to cite this article: Rehman Au, Saleem S, Ali S, Abbas SM, Choi M, Choi W. Recent advances in alloying anode materials
for sodium-ion batteries: material design and prospects. Energy Mater 2024;4:400068. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/
energymater.2024.06

Received: 22 Jan 2024 First Decision: 12 Apr 2024 Revised: 28 May 2024 Accepted: 19 Jun 2024 Published: 12 Jul 2024
Academic Editors: Cheol-Min Park, Wei Tang Copy Editor: Fangyuan Liu Production Editor: Fangyuan Liu

Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are close to commercialization. Although alloying anodes have potential use in next-
generation SIB anodes, their limitations of low capacities and colossal volume expansions must be resolved.
Traditional approaches involving structural and compositional tunings have not been able to break these lofty
barriers. This review is devoted to recent progress in research on alloy-based SIB anodes comprising Sn, Sb, P, Ge,
and Si. The current level of understanding, challenges, modifications, optimizations employed up to date, and
shortfalls faced by alloying anodes are also described. A detailed future outlook is proposed, focusing on advanced
nanomaterial tailoring methods and component modifications in SIB fabrication. Utilizing the latest state-of-the-art
characterization techniques, including ex-situ and operando characterization tools, can help us better understand
the (de)sodiation mechanism and accompanying capacity fading pathways to pave the way for next-generation
SIBs with alloying anode materials.

Keywords: Alloying, anodes, sodium-ion batteries, volume expansion, optimizations

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