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Yoon et al. Energy Mater 2024;4:400063 Energy Materials
DOI: 10.20517/energymater.2023.146

Review Open Access

Recent advances in Sb-based anodes for Li/Na/K-ion

batteries and all-solid-state Li-ion batteries

1,2
1,2
Jeong-Myeong Yoon 1,2,# , Deok-Gyu Kim 1,2,# , Do-Hyeon Kim , Young-Han Lee , Cheol-Min Park 1,2,*
1
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gyeongbuk 39177, Republic of Korea.
2
Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gyeongbuk 39177, Republic of Korea.
#
Authors contributed equally.
Correspondence to: Prof. Cheol-Min Park, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology,
61 Daehak-ro, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39177, Republic of Korea; Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National
Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 39177, Republic of Korea. E-mail: cmpark@kumoh.ac.kr
How to cite this article: Yoon JM, Kim DG, Kim DH, Lee YH, Park CM. Recent advances in Sb-based anodes for Li/Na/K-ion
batteries and all-solid-state Li-ion batteries. Energy Mater 2024;4:400063. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2023.146

Received: 31 Dec 2023 First Decision: 7 Apr 2024 Revised: 18 May 2024 Accepted: 17 Jun 2024 Published: 26 Jun 2024
Academic Editor: Wei Tang Copy Editor: Fangyuan Liu Production Editor: Fangyuan Liu

Abstract
In recent decades, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have emerged as a primary focus in the energy-storage field owing
to their superior energy and power densities. However, concerns regarding the depletion of non-abundant lithium
resources have prompted the exploration and development of emerging energy-storage technologies, such as
sodium- (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). In addition, all-solid-state LIBs (ASSLIBs) have been developed
to address the issues of flammability and explosiveness associated with liquid electrolytes. Among the various
alloy-based anodes, antimony (Sb) anodes exhibit high energy densities owing to their high theoretical volumetric
capacities that are attributable to their high densities. However, Sb anodes exhibit poor cyclabilities owing to
excessive volume changes during cycling. To mitigate this issue, researchers have investigated the use of diverse
solutions, including solid electrolyte interface control, structural control, and composite/alloy formation. Herein,
we review and summarize Sb-based anode materials for LIBs, SIBs, PIBs, and ASSLIBs developed over the past five
years (2018-present), focusing on their reaction mechanisms and multiple approaches used to achieve optimal
electrochemical performance. We anticipate that this review will provide a comprehensive database of Sb-based
anodes for LIBs, SIBs, PIBs, and ASSLIBs, thereby advancing relevant studies in the energy-storage-systems field.

Keywords: Battery, Li-ion battery, Na-ion battery, Sb-based anode, K-ion battery, all-solid-state battery, anode

© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as
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