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Mu et al. Energy Mater 2022;2:200043 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2022.57 Page 11 of 16

Figure 6. (A) Schematic illustration of electrochemical presodiation of PH5 [82] . (B) Scheme of voltage-driven presodiation process of
Sb@ZMF/C anode and full cell configuration [83] . (C) Charge-discharge voltage profiles of Na-Sb@ZMF/C||NaVPO F model after
4
presodiation (left) and specific capacity and Coulombic efficiencies of Na-Sb@ZMF/C||NaVPO F, Na-Cu||NaVPO F and Na||NaVPO F
4 4 4
full cells at 0.5 C (right) [83] .
unsatisfactory energy density. The presodiation technique is considered as an effective method to alleviate
the above issue, not only compensating for irreversible Na depletion but also facilitating the energy density,
+
rate performance and cycle lifespan. The presodiation by introducing self-sacrificing Na-containing
additives for the cathode is seen to be a simple process without any complex operation. However, the
introduction of Na-containing additives increases the weight of SIBs, causing the reduction of energy
density and additional reactions. Unavoidably, the electrochemical oxidation of sacrificial reagents will
generate gases or solid byproducts, which will reduce the battery system security or affect the
electrochemical performance. How to alleviate the adverse consequences induced by the above issues will be
the focus of future research.