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Page 4 of 10 Liu et al. Energy Mater 2023;3:300011 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2022.68
Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the preparation route of Ru/TiO /CNTs.
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Figure 2. Physical characterizations. (A) TEM images of CNTs, HRTEM image of Ru/CNTs (B) dark field and (C) light field, HRTEM
image of Ru/TiO /CNTs (D) dark field and (E) light field; (F) SAED pattern of Ru/TiO /CNTs; (G) SEM and (H) EDX of Ru/TiO /CNTs.
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nanocomposites could be evidenced by the typical interplanar spacings of 0.35 nm, which was well
consistent with the d-spacing of the (101) crystal planes of rutile TiO (JCPDS 21-1272) [Figure 2D and E].
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Meanwhile, Ru nanoparticles could also be found deposited on the surface of TiO , which could be further
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evidenced by HR-TEM element mapping [Supplementary Figure 1]. The indexed diffraction rings in the
selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern also verified the rutile structure of TiO [Figure 2F] . The
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EDS spectrum of the Ru/TiO /CNTs also verified the material constitution, and showed that the loading
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