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Mao et al. Chem Synth 2023;3:26 Chemical Synthesis
DOI: 10.20517/cs.2022.41

Review Open Access

Recent advances in heavily doped plasmonic copper
chalcogenides: from synthesis to biological

application

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#
Qiulian Mao , Jicun Ma , Mei Chen, Shiying Lin, Noman Razzaq, Jiabin Cui *
The Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for
Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu
Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
# Authors contributed equally.

*Correspondence to: Prof. Jiabin Cui, The Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation
Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of
Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park, Suzhou
215123, Jiangsu, China. E-mail: jiabin.cui@suda.edu.cn
How to cite this article: Mao Q, Ma J, Chen M, Lin S, Razzaq N, Cui J. Recent advances in heavily doped plasmonic copper
chalcogenides: from synthesis to biological application. Chem Synth 2023;3:26. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/cs.2022.41

Received: 15 Dec 2022 First Decision: 7 Feb 2023 Revised: 15 Apr 2023 Accepted: 26 Apr 2023 Published: 26 May 2023
Academic Editors: Bao-Lian Su, Chen Wang Copy Editor: Dong-Li Li Production Editor: Dong-Li Li

Abstract
Copper-based chalcogenide compounds have emerged as alternative materials to Cd- or Pb-based traditional
semiconductors and have drawn significant attention. Compared with widely reported semiconductors, copper
chalcogenide nanocrystals (NCs) with abundant copper defects and vacancies present p-type features.
Additionally, the migration of free hole carriers in copper-based chalcogenide NCs produced a metal-like local
surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect. In this review, we focused on the plasmonic copper chalcogenide NCs
achieved through a heavily doped strategy. The copper sulfur compounds with versatile atomic ratios and complex
crystal structures exhibit rich electrical, optical, and magnetic properties, making them highly promising for a broad
range of applications, from energy conversion to biomedical fields. Therefore, our main focus is on the classification
of copper chalcogenide synthesis strategies, theoretical studies of doping, doping strategies, and biological
applications. We aim to analyze the trends of copper-based chalcogenide nanomaterials for clinical applications by
summarizing previous studies and presenting designs and concepts in a brief manner.

Keywords: Heavily doping, copper chalcogenides, LSPR, in vivo imaging, diagnosis and therapy

© The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
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