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Siddiqui et al. Chem Synth 2023;3:25 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/cs.2023.02 Page 5 of 50
Figure 3. Biotransformation of terpinolene (11) with Botrytis cinerea.
Figure 4. Biotransformation of (-)-menthol (14) with Cephalosporium aphidicola.
Similarly, biotransformation of (+)-menthol (21), with the fungal culture of Macrophomina phaseolina
afforded five new hydroxylated metabolites, 2β, 8-dihydroxymenthol (22) (1%), 8, 9-dihydroxymenthol (23)
(0.8%), 6β, 8-dihydroxymenthol (24) (1.3%), 1β, 8-dihydroxymenthol (25) (1.1%), and 7, 8-
dihydroxymenthol (26) (1.5%), along with four known metabolites, 8-hydroxymenthol (27) (7.4%), 6β-
hydroxymenthol (28) (2.5%), 1β-hydroxymenthol (29) (5.5%), and 9-hydroxymenthol (30) (2.2%)
[25]
[Figure 5].
Biotransformation of thymoquinone (31)
Biotransformation of a major constituent of black seeds, Nigella sativa, thymoquinone (31) with the plant
pathogenic fungus Aspergillus niter afforded a new seven-membered lactone derivative, 5-isopropyl-2-
