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Page 4 of 50 Siddiqui et al. Chem Synth 2023;3:25 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/cs.2023.02

Figure 1. Biotransformation of (-)-α-pinene (1) with Botrytis cinerea.

Figure 2. Biotransformation of (-)-β-pinene (6) with Botrytis cinerea.

Biotransformation of terpinolene (11)
Two new metabolites, 2,3-dihydro-3β,6β-dihydroxy-terpinolene (12) (39%), and 2,3-dihydro-1α,3α-
dihydroxy-terpinolene (13) (20%) of the anti-bacterial and anti-fungal monoterpene terpinolene (11) were
synthesized through biotransformation of compound 11 with the fungal culture of Botrytis cinerea. These
derivatives 12 and 13 showed no activity against the plant pathogenic fungus Cladosporium herbarum, as
compared to the substrate 11 [Figure 3].
[23]

Biotransformation of (-)-menthol (14), and (+)-menthol (21)
Menthol, a commercially used constituent of the mint plant, is used to treat minor pains in the muscles and
joints. Biotransformation of (-)-menthol (14) by the fungal culture of Cephalosporium aphidicola yielded
four new metabolites, 10-acetoxymenthol (15) (3%), 4α-hydroxymenthol (16) (7.5%), 3α-hydroxymenthol (
17) (2.3%), and 10-hydroxymenthol (18) (21.5%), along with the two known metabolites, 7-hydroxymenthol
[24]
(19) (4.8%), and 9-hydroxymenthol (20) (14%) [Figure 4].