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Page 10 of 28 Cheng et al. Cancer Drug Resist. 2025;8:46

Table 1. Nanoparticles for repolarizing or depleting TAMs
Therapeutic Carrier type Payload Materials Ref.
strategy
Alleviating Egg phosphatidyl lipid-80, cholesterol,
hypoxic Liposomes Hemoglobin 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(PEG)-2000], [132]
microenvironment and soybean lecithin
Alleviating Copper Red blood cell
hypoxic peroxide membrane and Copper peroxide, chimeric peptide [133]
microenvironment nanoparticle protoporphyrin
Alleviating
hypoxic Hybrid IR780 and M1-like macrophage-derived exosomes, AS1411 aptamer, liposomes [134]
microenvironment nanovesicles perfluorotributylamine
Alleviating
hypoxic Polydopamine Oxygen Dopamine, chitosan, polylysine [135]
nanoparticle
microenvironment
Alleviating Atovaquone,
hypoxic Self-assembly protoporphyrin IX Atovaquone, protoporphyrin IX, TPGS, p K30 [136]
microenvironment
Alleviating
hypoxic CaCO 3 Catalase Poly (4-benzyl l-aspartate acid)-PEG, calcium carbonate [137]
nanoparticles
microenvironment
Alleviating Cu 2-X S
hypoxic Fe and doxorubicin Cu 2-X S, PEG, hyaluronic acid [138]
3+
microenvironment nanoparticles
Alleviating Chiral Zn complex, NaGdF 4 up-conversion nanoparticles, porphyrin metal-organic frameworks
hypoxic Chiral [139]
nanoassembly NaGdF 4 , porphyrin
microenvironment encapsulating chiral Zn complex and biotin
Alleviating MnO 2 , IR780,
hypoxic Albumin NLG919, and Albumin-MnO 2 , thioketal linker [140]
microenvironment nanoplatform paclitaxel dimer
1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[aminoPEG2000
Alleviating (DSPE-PEG2000), and DSPE-PEG2000-SP94 (SFSIIHTPILPL) peptide,
hypoxic MnO 2 MnO 2 and sorafenib poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid, cholesterol, dioleoylphosphatidic acid, [141]
microenvironment nanoparticle
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, MnO 2 , TPGS
Alleviating
hypoxic Carbon dots Cu 2+ Genistein, FA, and CuCl 2 [142]
microenvironment
Directly Tannic acid Tannic acid, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate,
repolarizing nanoparticles BPRCX807 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, DSPE-PEG2000, and cholesterol [56]
TAMs
Directly
repolarizing Nanoemulsion KIRA6 Medium-chain triglyceride, α-tocopherol, egg phosphatidyl lipid-80 [57]
TAMs
Directly
repolarizing Metal-organic Resiquimod and Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, polyvinyl pyrrolidone-modified Pt [58]
TAMs framework imatinib nanoparticles, DSPE-PEG-M2pep, tLyp-1-DSPE-PEG
Directly Coordination 5-Aminosalicylic acid
repolarizing polymer and ferric ions mPEG2000-NH 2 , 5-aminosalicylic acid, ferric ions [143]
TAMs
Semiconducting
Directly
repolarizing Nanoparticles polymers PFODBT, Pluronic F127, hybrid cell membranes from 4T1 and Raw264.7 cells [144]
TAMs atovaquone, and
TMP195
Biomimetic
Depleting TAMs nano-red Doxorubicin and Maleimide-functionalized poly(ε-caprolactone), hemoglobin [145]
blood cells oxygen
Zoledronic acid and
Depleting TAMs Liposome hematoporphyrin 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, DSPE-mPEG2000-M2pep, [146]
monomethyl ether cholesterol
1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, DSPE-PEG 2000, cholesterol,
Targeting HIF-1α Liposome Tanespimycin [147]
DSPE-PEG-aminoethyl anisamide
Docosahexaenoic acid
Targeting HIF-1α Micelles Fucoidan-selenylsulfide-docosahexaenoic acid [148]
and carfilzomib
TAMs: Tumor-associated macrophages; PEG: polyethylene glycol; TPGS: D-α-Tocopherol PEG 1000 succinate; FA: folic acid.
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