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Jabbari et al. Art Int Surg. 2025;5:200-9 Artificial
DOI: 10.20517/ais.2024.77
Intelligence Surgery

Review Open Access

Emerging role of artificial intelligence in the care and
management of lower extremity amputations and

peripheral nerve injuries

2
1
Kayvon Jabbari , Lynn M. Orfahli , Matthew L. Iorio 2
1
University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
2
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Correspondence to: Prof. Matthew L. Iorio, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz
Medical Center, 12631 East 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. E-mail: matt.iorio@cuanschutz.edu

How to cite this article: Jabbari K, Orfahli LM, Iorio ML. Emerging role of artificial intelligence in the care and management of
lower extremity amputations and peripheral nerve injuries. Art Int Surg. 2025;5:200-9. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ais.2024.77

Received: 14 Sep 2024 First Decision: 24 Feb 2025 Revised: 7 Apr 2025 Accepted: 18 Apr 2025 Published: 27 Apr 2025

Academic Editor: Andrew Gumbs Copy Editor: Pei-Yun Wang Production Editor: Pei-Yun Wang

Abstract
Lower limb amputation (LLA) secondary to trauma, oncologic, diabetic, and vascular disease represents a
significant patient challenge in terms of restoring function to pre-injury levels. This can be secondary to wear and
use of a prosthetic limb, as well as limitations in range of motion or chronic pain. This study aimed to review and
discuss the available, and potentially soon-to-be-available, roles of artificial intelligence (AI) in extremity
amputation care. Specifically, we discuss the current state of AI technology in LLA prevention, management,
peripheral nerve injury treatment, and lower limb prosthesis design, as well as highlighting current advancements
and the direction of these linked fields.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, lower limb, amputation, prosthesis, peripheral
nerve injury

INTRODUCTION
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) offer the potential to improve treatments and
outcomes among lower limb amputation (LLA) patients, with more than 150,000 patients in the United
States each year . Of these, over half are secondary to peripheral artery disease (PAD) and diabetes
[1]

© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
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