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Wang et al. Microstructures 2023;3:2023042 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2023.46 Page 11 of 16

Figure 6. Anticancer effect of agarose/Fe O hydrogels. Live/dead staining of MDA-MB-231-Luc cells cultured with the agarose/Fe O
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hydrogel discs via sitting (A), transwell (C), and adhesion (E) modes before and after AMF irradiation (live cell: green fluorescence,
dead cells: red fluorescence). Quantified cell viability during culture without or with agarose/Fe O hydrogel discs via sitting (B),
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transwell (D), and adhesion (F) modes before and after AMF irradiation. Cell viability was normalized to that cultured with agarose
hydrogel without free Fe O NPs before AMF irradiation. Data are the mean ± SD (n = 3). Significant difference: *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001.
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N.S. : no significant difference.
could also affect their killing effect. The cells directly adhered to the hydrogels or in the porous scaffolds
could be more easily killed by AMF irradiation. The cells that were far away from the hydrogels or scaffolds
were less affected by the heat generated by the Fe O NP-loaded hydrogels or porous scaffolds.
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DISCUSSION
Fe O NPs have been widely used for MH because of their excellent magnetic-thermal conversion property.
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Investigation of the influence of matrices surrounding Fe O NPs on the magnetic-thermal conversion
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property and anticancer effect of Fe O NPs is important for the biomedical application of Fe O NPs to
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maximize their therapeutic effect. In this study, the magnetic-thermal conversion property and anticancer
effect of free Fe O NPs and Fe O NPs embedded in agarose hydrogels and gelatin porous scaffolds were
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compared because agarose hydrogels and gelatin porous scaffolds have been frequently used to embed
therapeutic drugs and NPs. During AMF irradiation, the temperature change of free Fe O NPs,
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agarose/Fe O , and gelatin/Fe O was positively correlated with the concentration of Fe O NPs and
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irradiation time. Increasing the concentration of Fe O NPs resulted in an increase of temperature
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alteration.
The matrices used to embed the Fe O NPs could affect the magnetic thermal properties of Fe O NPs. The
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free Fe O NPs showed the best magnetic thermal properties. Embedding in hydrogels or porous scaffolds
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decreased the temperature change of Fe O NPs during AMF irradiation. The temperature change of Fe O
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