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Ouyang et al. Microstructures 2023;3:2023027 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2023.22 Page 9 of 10

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Conceptualization and methodology; writing - original draft preparation: Ouyang J
Validation: Teng X, Yuan M, Wang K
Formal analysis: Yuan M, Wang K, Zhao Y, Cheng H
Investigation: Zhu H, Liu C, Xiao Y, Zhang W
Resources: Ouyang J, Tang M, Pan W
Data curation: Ouyang J, Teng X, Yuan M
Writing, review, and editing: Ouyang J, Yuan M
Visualization: Teng X, Yuan M, Ouyang J
Supervision: Ouyang J, Tang M
Project administration: Ouyang J, Pan W
Funding acquisition: Ouyang J, Cheng H, Zhu H, Liu C
All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Availability of data and materials
Data will be available from the first author upon reasonable request.

Financial support and sponsorship
The authors are deeply grateful for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of
China (Grant No. 52072218 and 52002192), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No.
ZR2020QE042, ZR2022ZD39, ZR2022QB138, ZR2022ME031, and ZR2022YQ43), and the Science,
Education and Industry Integration Pilot Projects of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of
Sciences) (Grant No. 2022GH018 and 2022PY055). Jun Ouyang acknowledges the support from the Jinan
City Science and Technology Bureau (Grant No. 2021GXRC055), the Education Department of Hunan
Province/Xiangtan University (Grant No. KZ0807969), and the State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and
Fine Processing (Tsinghua University).

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2023.

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