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Ge et al. Microstructures 2023;3:2023026 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2023.13 Page 9 of 10

therefore, a necessary prerequisite for high-performance BiFeO crystals and ceramics.
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DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Performed data acquisition, data analysis, and interpretation and wrote the first draft of the article: Ge W,
Sanchez AM
Performed data acquisition (STEM+EELS maps) at SuperSTEM: Ramasse Q
Provided material, conception and design of the study and interpretation: Alexe M
Performed data analysis and interpretation and contributed to the development of the article: Beanland R,
Sanchez AM

AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS
The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in WRAP at http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/
173964.

Financial support and sponsorship
Ge W. acknowledges support from the EPSRC International Doctoral Scholars grant, number
EP/R513374/1.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2023.

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