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Page 6 of 20 Li et al. Microstructures 2023;3:2023024 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2023.09
[45]
Figure 4. Programmable atomic packing into different crystal structures of Au NCs . Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH.
Figure 5. Photocatalytic process of MNCs [49] . Copyright 1995, American Chemical Society.
and react optimally. Occasionally, photogenerated electrons and holes will combine inside the catalyst [as
shown in process (2) in Figure 5] or on the surface [as shown in process (4) in Figure 5] in a brief period,
releasing energy in the form of heat or light that can result in a significant reduction in photocatalytic
efficiency.
Therefore, the MNCs-based materials used to improve the PCR process must satisfy the following
conditions: (1) Smaller energy gaps, typically exhibiting significant absorption in the visible or near-infrared
region, make it easier to form photogenerated electron-hole pairs; (2) Good photostability, not readily
oxidized or reduced by photogenerated holes or electrons. Long lifetimes of photogenerated electrons and
holes so that the electron-hole pairs can participate more in redox reduction; and (3) The large specific
surface area provides more catalytic sites, allowing free electrons to react with CO via charge transfer to the
2
composite surface .
[53]
