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Mueller et al. Vessel Plus 2018;2:13 Vessel Plus
DOI: 10.20517/2574-1209.2018.19

Original Article Open Access

Plasmatic biomarkers of inflammation correlate with
18 FDG-PET-CT and microembolic signals in patients

with carotid stenosis

Hubertus Mueller , Loraine Fisch , Christophe Bonvin , Karl Lovblad , Osman Ratib , Patrice Lalive ,
4
1
3
1
1
2
Stephane Pagano , Nicolas Vuilleumier , Jean-Pierre Willi , Roman Sztajzel 1
4
5
5
1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
2 Department of Neurology, Hospital of Sion, Sion 1950, Switzerland.
3 Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
4 Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
5 Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
Correspondence to: Dr. Roman Sztajzel, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva and Medical School, Rue
Gabrielle Perret Gentille 4, Geneva 1211, Switzerland. E-mail: roman.sztajzel@hcuge.ch
How to cite this article: Mueller H, Fisch L, Bonvin C, Lovblad K, Ratib O, Lalive P, Pagano S, Vuilleumier N, Willy JP, Sztajzel R.
Plasmatic biomarkers of inflammation correlate with FDG-PET-CT and microembolic signals in patients with carotid stenosis.
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Vessel Plus 2018;2:13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1209.2018.19
Received: 8 Apr 2018 First Decision: 23 Apr 2018 Revised: 2 May 2018 Accepted: 11 May 2018 Published: 5 Jun 2018
Science Editor: Aaron S. Dumont Copy Editor: Jun-Yao Li Production Editor: Cai-Hong Wang

Abstract
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Aim: To determine whether plasmatic biomarkers correlate with fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission
tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT) and presence of microembolic signals (MES) detected by transcranial
Doppler in patients with carotid stenosis.

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Methods: FDG-PET-CT and MES detection was performed in consecutive patients with 50% to 99% symptomatic or
asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Uptake index was defined by a target to background ratio (TBR) between maximum
standardized uptake value of the carotid plaque and the average uptake of the jugular veins. The analysis of biomarkers
included adhesion molecules [intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, P-selectin
and E-selectin], interleukins (IL-1, IL-6), chemokines (RANTES, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1), cytokines (tumor
necrosis factor α), matrix-metalloproteases (MMP), myeloperoxidase, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2.

Results: There were 54 symptomatic and 57 asymptomatic patients. TBR values were significantly higher in the
symptomatic compared to the asymptomatic (median 2.1 vs. 1.8, P = 0.002) and in the MES positive (MES+) compared
to the MES negative (MES-) group (MES+, n = 19, median 2.3 and MES-, n = 88, median 1.8, P = 0.01). The best
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threshold for TBR values was of 1.9. We found a significant correlation between higher FDG uptake (TBR ≥ 1.9) and the
© The Author(s) 2018. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
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