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Misra et al. Vessel Plus 2022;6:32 Vessel Plus
DOI: 10.20517/2574-1209.2021.104

Review Open Access

Multimodality imaging for repaired tetralogy of Fallot

1
2
3
Amrit Misra , Pooja Gupta , Sanjeev Aggarwal , Gautam Singh 3
1
Instructor in Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Central Michigan University
College of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Street, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
2
Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Central Michigan University College of
Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Street, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
3
Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Central Michigan University College of Medicine
Children’s Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Street, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
Correspondence to: Pooja Gupta. Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Children’s
Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Street, Detroit, MI 48201. E-mail: pgupta2@dmc.org
How to cite this article: Misra A, Gupta P, Aggarwal S, Singh G. Multimodality imaging for repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Vessel Plus
2022;6:32. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1209.2021.104
Received: 15 Jul 2021 First Decision: 15 Dec 2022 Revised: 27 Jan 2022 Accepted: 24 Feb 2022 Published: 17 May 2022

Academic Editors: P Syamasundar Rao, Yajing Wang Copy Editor: Jia-Xin Zhang Production Editor: Jia-Xin Zhang

Abstract
Despite complete repair at an optimal time in the current era, almost all patients with tetralogy of Fallot will have
residual anatomic and hemodynamic sequelae, which make ongoing surveillance of paramount importance.
Echocardiography suffices surveillance matrix in most pre-operative cases unless there is a specific question about
coronary artery anomaly or branch pulmonary arteries when cardiac catheterization or computed tomography scan
can be extremely helpful. For long-term follow-up of repaired tetralogy of Fallot patients, several
diagnostic/imaging monitoring modalities are available; however, no single modality is perfect in terms of
obtaining all the necessary information. A multimodality approach is suggested for long-term surveillance where a
diagnostic test is selected based on the clinical circumstances/questions raised and institutional
preference/expertise.

Keywords: Tetralogy of Fallot, echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging

INTRODUCTION
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is one of the most common cyanotic heart defects that was first described in 1888
by Arthur Fallot . Survival in un-operated patients is related to the degree of right ventricular outflow tract
[1]
obstruction. In one of the series of 566 necropsy cases in unoperated patients, only 3% were alive at 40

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