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He et al. Soft Sci 2024;4:37 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2024.32 Page 17 of 27

Figure 8. The illustration of preparation and the performance about biomedicine of the MOFs-based hydrogel. (A) The illustration of
fabrication procedure of the Au@ZIF-8 and Au@ZIF@GCOA, and the antibacterial principle of the Au@ZIF@GCOA. The photograph of
visible colony units of E. coli on Luria - Bertani agar plate. And representative photos of wounds on the backs of mice with different
treatments at different periods. Reproduced with permission from ref [98] . Copyright 2021 Elsevier; (B) The illustration of the fabrication
procedure of the Cur/CuPP-PELA hydrogel. In vivo hemostatic capacity evaluation of Cur/CuPP-PELA. And wound healing photographs
at designed times with different treatments; each scale is 1 mm. Reproduced with permission from ref [99] . Copyright 2022 Elsevier.
MOFs: Metal-organic frameworks; ZIF: zeolitic imidazolate framework.

growth factor. The composite hydrogel demonstrates strong mechanical strength, excellent
biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and bioactivity.

Bacterial infections in wounds represent a major threat to public health. Wang et al. recently presented an
innovative approach to address this concern by introducing a photothermal zirconium-ferrocene MOF
nanosheets functionalized with carrageenan-based hydrogels incorporating polyethylene glycol dicarboxylic
acid . The MOFs-based hydrogels were designed to capture bacteria through the generation of ROS,
[108]
leading to bacterial destruction. Additionally, the hydrogels exhibited bactericidal activity by degrading
H O into toxic hydroxyl radicals. These composite hydrogels demonstrated superior bactericidal efficacy
2
2
and low biological toxicity, with the added benefit of enhanced sterilization through their photothermal
performance. In another study by Nie et al., composite hydrogels were engineered for the treatment of
chronic wounds without causing additional inflammation. This was achieved by incorporating a curcumin-
loaded MOF . In in vivo conditions, the composite hydrogels transformed into hydrogels, tightly adhering
[109]
to and completely sealing the wound, thereby promoting wound healing. Notably, the hydrogels effectively
trapped bacteria and fluid dressing, inhibiting the further dispersal of pathogenic microorganisms.
Figure 8B illustrates the high photothermal effect, immune-modulatory properties, hemostasis, and
temperature-sensitive sol–gel transition capacity exhibited by these composite hydrogels.