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Financial support and sponsorship
This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant
52525502, 52188102 and 52175510, in part by the China Institute of Atomic Energy (No. KFZC2021010301),
and in part by Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 2023AFA085.
Conflicts of interest
Huang, Y. is the Editor-in-Chief of Soft Science. However, Huang, Y. was not involved in any steps of the
editorial process, including reviewer selection, manuscript handling, or decision-making. All authors
declared that there are no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2025.
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