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Page 30 of 34 Ma et al. Soft Sci 2024;4:26 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2024.20

Table 7. Summary of typical LIG-based fully standalone systems for healthcare
LIG composites LIG-based elements Working performance Ref.
(role)/substrate
Au@LIG (S, E), MnO @LIG TENG, MSC, biosensors (pressure, strain, Fully standalone system wirelessly measures pulse, strain, [124]
2
(E)/Ecoflex temperature, ECG, blood oxygen sensor) temperature, electrocardiogram, blood pressure, and blood
oxygen
LIG/MXene (E)/Ecoflex TENG, MSC, gas sensor Monitoring of the exhaled human breath and the local air quality [47]
+ +
LIG (E), MnO @LIG (E)/PI SABs, biosensors (Na , pH sensor) Detection of physiological information: Na concentration and [73]
2
the pH level in sweat, skin temperature
LIG: Laser-induced-graphene; TENG: triboelectric nanogenerator; MSC: micro-supercapacitor; ECG: electrocardiography; PI: polyimides; SABs:
sweat-activated batteries.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Initiated the idea, designed and wrote the original draft: Ma Z
Supervised, reviewed and revised the manuscript: Ma Z, Khoo BL

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
This study was supported by the City University of Hong Kong and funded by the Research Grants Council
(RGC). This work was partly supported by the InnoHK Project on Project 1.2 - Novel Drug Delivery
Systems to Achieve Precision Medicine for Acute CVD Patients (a closed-loop CVD control system) at the
Hong Kong Center for Cerebro-cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE). City University of Hong
Kong (9610430, 7020002, 9667220), which is funded by the Research Grants Council (RGC); Innovation and
Technology Commission (ITC) - Research Talent Hub (RTH) 1-5.

Conflicts of interest
Both authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
We confirmed that the related original figures from referenced studies were approved or exempted by the
relevant ethics committee and received the consent to participate from the subjects.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2024.

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