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Page 24 of 34 Ma et al. Soft Sci 2024;4:26 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2024.20

Figure 12. LIG-based skin electronics as bio-actuators for intelligent healthcare. (A) Schematic of a dual functional (monitor and an
alarm) E-skin for healthcare; (B) The human experimental results exhibited the E-skin could both detect respiration and sound an alarm;
Reproduced with permission [44] . Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH GmbH; (C) Illustration of a multifunctional device for the sensing and
thermal alarm applications; (D) Outputs of the device integrated on the human wrist for the bending detection and thermal alarm
modes. Reproduced with permission [45] . Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society; (E) Schematic of an intelligent AT mounted on the
skin surface of the larynx; (F) Confusion matrix of several daily sentences produced by an ensemble model. Reproduced with
[46]
permission . Copyright 2023, Springer Nature; (G) Illustration of LIG-based dual-function acoustic transducers, including an artificial
ear and an artificial mouth; (H) The working principles of the device functions as sound emission by thermoacoustic effect; (I)
[108]
Classification results of speech recognition. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2023, Wiley-VCH GmbH. LIG: Laser-induced-
graphene; E-skin: electric skin; AT: artificial throat.
the micro-structured LIG electrodes strengthen the frictional effect, thereby enhancing the TENG
performance.

Lightweight batteries with high energy density can provide a stable power supply for soft-skin electronics.
The LIG electrode with porous structures exhibited great potential for developing high-performance
batteries. Aslam et al. reported a lithium-ion battery based on LIG foams, which functioned as anodes