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Xi et al. Soft Sci 2023;3:26 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2023.13 Page 17 of 34

Figure 6. TENG. (A) Warning Gloves, Reproduced with permission [170] , Copyright 2021, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; (B) Healthcare
monitoring, Reproduced with permission [172] , Copyright 2021, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; (C) Smart gloves with fibrous energy harvesters,
Reproduced with permission [173] . Copyright 2021, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; (D) Freeze-resistant and stretchable TENG, Reproduced with
permission [177] . Copyright 2022, Elsevier Ltd; (E) Microdiamond-patterned TENG, Reproduced with permission [178] . Copyright 2022, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc.; (F) Reconfigurable Fiber, Reproduced with permission [179] , Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society; (G)
Composite materials TENG for motion monitoring, Reproduced with permission [182] , Copyright 2022, Elsevier Ltd. EA-TENG: Elastic-
arched triboelectric nanogenerator; FEP: fluorinated ethylene propylene; FTENG: fiber triboelectric nanogenerator; ITO: indium-tin oxide;
NDL-TENG: nanocomposite-based doublelayered triboelectric nanogenerator; NPE: nanocomposite polymer electrolytes; PCDs:
polycation-modified carbon dots; PDMS: polydimethylsiloxane; PET: polyethylene terephthalate; PVA: polyvinyl alcohol; SMDs: surface
mounted devices; SPNYs: silverplated nylon yarns; SSR: stainless steel rod.

Clothing, such as shirts, pants, or socks, can be the carrier of TENG sensors to monitor the movement,
posture, and other physiological parameters of the wearer [174-176] . As shown in Figure 6D, Zhu et al.
developed a wearable, freeze-resistant, and self-powered electroluminescence (EL) system based on the
integration of an organic hydrogel-based EL (OH-EL) device and a liquid electrolyte-based single electrode
TENG (LE-TENG), in which the OH-EL device based on self-healing and high conductivity organic
hydrogel electrode can be directly controlled by LE-TENG . It still has excellent luminous performance
[177]
under great mechanical deformation and cold conditions. While harvesting the biomechanical energy of
slapping and knee/elbow bending, the self-powered EL system worn on different parts of the human body
can realize real-time visual display. As shown in Figure 6E, Zhang et al. proposed a new TENG composed of
micro-diamond-patterned PDMS (MR-TENG) to improve its performance . The open circuit voltage and
[178]
short circuit current of MR-TENG reach 81 V and 2.04 μA, respectively. It is 2.7 times and two times the
TENG with smooth PDMS (S-TENG). In addition, MR-TENG can not only be used as a self-powered
motion sensor to identify human motion status but also be combined with electronic devices to form a self-
powered system to power small wearable devices, including screens, watches, and temperature and
humidity sensors. As shown in Figure 6F, Zhou et al. introduced the functional and reconfigurable optical