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Xi et al. Soft Sci 2023;3:26 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2023.13 Page 19 of 34

Figure 7. PENG. (A) PVDF-BaTiO3 Nanofiber PENG, Reproduced with permission [191] , Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society; (B)
Robust super-hydrophobic antibacterial PENG, Reproduced with permission [192] , Copyright 2022, Elsevier Ltd; (C) PVDF-TrFE nanofiber
PENG, Reproduced with permission [193] , Copyright 2021, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; (D) MXene/Co3O4 composite-based formaldehyde
PENG, Reproduced with permission [198] . Copyright 2021, Elsevier B.V.; (E) PZT-SEBS composite elastomer PENG, Reproduced with
[185] [199]
permission , Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society; (F) metal-free perovskite-based PENG, Reproduced with permission ,
Copyright 2022, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ES: Electrospun; FPCB: flexible printed circuit board; USTB: University of Science and
Technology Beijing.

in Figure 7D, Zhang et al. reported the MXene/Co O composite formaldehyde sensor driven by ZnO/
3
4
[198]
MXene nanowire array PENG at room temperature . With the increase of concentration, the sensor
shows an obvious response. In addition, the flexible PENG can be used as a wearable device to collect
human motion energy. As shown in Figure 7E, Huang used PZT-SEBS (PZT and styrene-ethylene-butene-
styrene) composite elastomer to produce a biocompatible piezoelectric electronic skin. High elasticity
PENG can not only obtain mechanical energy from the environment but also show excellent sensing
performance for a variety of external stimuli. As shown in Figure 7F, Wu et al. further integrated the
synthesized metal-free perovskite (MDABCO-NH I ) into the PENG, which showed high-output voltage
4 3
and current . The sensor can be used as a self-powered strain sensor for human-computer interface
[199]