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Xi et al. Soft Sci 2023;3:26 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2023.13 Page 9 of 34

Figure 3. (A and B) Flexible materials, Reproduced with permission [94,95] . Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society; Copyright 2022,
Elsevier B.V.; (C-E) Degradable materials, Reproduced with permission [99,101,103] . Copyright 2020, Elsevier B.V.; Copyright 2022,
American Chemical Society; Copyright 2022, Elsevier Ltd; (F-H) Nanomaterials, Reproduced with permission [110-112] , Copyright 2021,
American Chemical Society; Copyright 2023, Elsevier B.V.; Copyright 2022, Author(s). PDMS: Polydimethylsiloxane; PET: polyethylene
glycol terephthalate; PVA: poly(vinyl alcohol).

the smartphone. The Ti C T MXene/Ag-based sensor driven by the HNG has been prepared for ethanol
2 x
3
detection, which has excellent sensitivity to ethanol. At the same time, a flexible sensor based on MXene/Ag
is manufactured using the microelectronic printer and electrospinning equipment to monitor joint activity.
Wang et al. developed a TENG based on latex and polytetrafluoroethylene to power the gas sensor and
detect ammonia at room temperature . The TENG can support a maximum peak power density of
[96]
10.84 W·m and can light up at least 480 light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Flexible TENGs under the single-
-2
electrode working mode can be used for human motion stimulation. The self-powered NH sensors driven
3
by TENGs had an excellent response at room temperature. Zheng et al. reported the development of water-
based printable MXene inks, which can be used as high-capacitance electrodes without additives, sensitive
pressure sensing materials, high-conductivity collectors, metal-free interconnectors, and conductive
adhesives . MXene ink can be finely manufactured on various substrates through direct screen printing.
[97]
Through the seamless integration of series solar cells and MXene hydrogel pressure sensors, a fully flexible
self-powered integrated system on a single substrate based on multi-task MXene ink was demonstrated. The
integrated system was extremely sensitive to body movement and had a fast response time of 35
milliseconds. Self-powered wearable sensors for leg monitoring help to diagnose and manage various
diseases, such as peripheral neuropathy, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and cerebral palsy. These sensors can
monitor and evaluate all parts of the body, which is of great help to human health.

pressure sensing materials, high-conductivity collectors, metal-free interconnectors, and conductive
adhesives . MXene ink can be finely manufactured on various substrates through direct screen printing.
[97]
Through the seamless integration of series solar cells and MXene hydrogel pressure sensors, a fully flexible
self-powered integrated system on a single substrate based on multi-task MXene ink was demonstrated. The
integrated system was extremely sensitive to body movement and had a fast response time of 35
milliseconds. Self-powered wearable sensors for leg monitoring help to diagnose and manage various
diseases, such as peripheral neuropathy, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and cerebral palsy. These sensors can
monitor and evaluate all parts of the body, which is of great help to human health.