Page 99 - Read Online

Kim et al. Soft Sci 2023;3:16 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2023.07 Page 11 of 30

Figure 5. (A) 3D serpentine array for energy harvesting from multidirectional vibrations. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [172] .
©
Copyright 2019. Springer Nature); (B) stretching behavior of kirigami-cut PVDF film and finite element analysis for application design.
©
(Reproduced with permission from Ref. [173] . Copyright 2022. Springer Nature); (C) 3D printed MXene aerogel with hollow octet truss
©
architecture for capacitors. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [174] . Copyright 2022. American Chemical Society); (D)
reconfiguration of electrochemically driven micro-architecture out-of-plane buckling. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [175] .
©
Copyright 2019. Springer Nature); (E) stretchable 3D thin-film TEG by kirigami cuts. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [176] .
©
Copyright 2022. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim); (F) organic solar cell-integrated 3D table array under magnetic
©
controlled state. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [177] . Copyright 2021. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim); (G)
kirigami-inspired windmill-like structures with laser-induced cellular graphene for solid-state electrolyte supercapacitor. (Reproduced
©
with permission from Ref. [178] . Copyright 2018. American Chemical Society); (H) unfolding and folding of photo-microreactor under
©
light irradiation and humidified environment. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [179] . Copyright 2022. American Association for the
Advancement of Science).
[177]
mechanical energy and 3D solar tracking systems [Figure 5F] . The temporary magnetization of materials
exhibited various locomotion such as local deformation and unidirectional tilting under the precise control
of the magnetic field, improving energy-harvesting efficiency. Ling et al. demonstrated programmed 3D
hierarchical architectures of cellular graphene, which typically exhibits relatively low stretchability due to its
porous microstructure, via mechanically well-guided 3D assembly [Figure 5G] . A 3D solid-state
[178]
electrolyte supercapacitor with cellular graphene exhibited stable electromechanical properties under cyclic
deformation. Pan et al. fabricated a photosynthetic conversion device that can respond to temperature,
humidity, and light irradiance by embedding stimulus-responsive materials [Figure 5H] . Responsive
[179]
movements induced the preset origami transformation, and the photo-microreactor fed the environmental
stimuli back positively to photosynthetic conversion through morphological transformation.