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Page 8 of 20 Citterio et al. Plast Aesthet Res 2020;7:41 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2347-9264.2020.29

PDLSC and SHED significantly improved periodontal regeneration Better results were found for groups with GMSC New alveolar bone, PL and cementum were found at sites treated with ASC Periodontal regeneration only occurred in test group

-Clinical: CAL, PD, GR -Histological: HES -Radiological: CT -Clinical: CAL, PD, GR, BOP, PI -Histological: HES -Histomorphometric -Radiological: CT -Histological: AZAN -Histomorphometric -Radiological: micro-CT -Histological: HES, Azan or elastic van Gieson staining -Histomorphometric -Immunohistochemical: Osteocalcin -Radiological: X-ray

3 months 3 months 1, 5 months 2 months

(a) PDLSC + HA-β-TCP (b) SHED + HA-β-TCP (c) HA-β-TCP (a) GMSC + Demineralized bovine bone matrix (b) GMSC + collagen scaffold (c) Demineralized bovine bone matrix (d) collagen scaffold (e) mucoperiosteal flap and root planning only (f) without intervention (a) ASC + fibrin gel (b) fibrin gel (a) ASC + PRP gel (c) empty HA: hydroxyapatite; TCP: tricalcium phosphate; PGA: polyglycolic acid; ePTFE: e-polytetrafluoroethylene; PRP: p

Intrabony defects 5 mm × 7 mm × 7 mm defects 3 mm × 7 mm × 5 mm Class II furcation defects 4 mm in depth Intrabony with class III furcation (b) PRP gel defects 5 mm in depth

MINIATURE PIG 6 (a, b, c) female 9-12 months old Demineralized MINIATURE PIG 8 (a, b, c, d, Intrabony e, f) 1 female and 7 males 18±1 months old unknown DOG Beagle female 50-56 months 8 (a, b, c) DOG Beagle 9 or 10 months

HA/β-TCP bovine bone matrix + collagen membrane Fibrin gel old PRP gel old NON-DENTAL STEM CELLS IN ANIMAL STUDIES

PDLSC SHED GMSC ASC ASC Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Fu et al. [87] 2014 Fawzy El-Sayed et al. [104] 2012 Ozasa M et al. [139] 2014 Tobita et al. [103] 2013 SEM: scanning electron microscopy use [80,81] .