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Figure 4. Size mismatch between transferred nerves in TMR.
Figure 5. Schematic model illustrating axonal pruning for refining neural connections. Source: Fujita et al. [41] .
DISCUSSION
Targeted muscle reinnervation is a major surgical advancement in the field of amputation surgery. Since its
introduction in 2004, the use of TMR has been growing rapidly with the main goals of treating and
preventing painful neuromas and improving the function of amputees. There has been an abundance of
research into the clinical success of TMR and its growing indications for use. However, there is a gap in the
basic scientific descriptions of peripheral nerve behavior in TMR. Our review aims to fill this gap and
provide a better understanding of neurobiology as it pertains to TMR.
