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Tanner et al. Plast Aesthet Res 2023;10:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2347-9264.2022.95 Page 5 of 12

Figure 3. Overview of the mechanism of peripheral nerve injury and regeneration. Source: Yow et al. [23] .

[16]
to their intended targets . Depending on the distance the axon sprouts must travel, sprouts may take weeks
to months to traverse the axon injury gap and re-enter appropriate endoneurial tubes . Eventually, the
[24]
axon sprouts extend through the distal target nerve with support from Schwann cells in the bands of
Büngner .
[24]
Collateral axonal branching occurs via a different mechanism [18,19] . The de novo branches stem from the
main axon of the injured neuron or from the axons of nearby uninjured neurons . The outgrowths are
[18]
[18]
formed by actin filament protrusions that become invaded by stable microtubules . The microtubules
allow the branches to mature and continue extending toward their target . Collateral branches enter
[18]
Schwann cell tubes, which guide reinnervation to their target in a similar way to terminal sprouting .
[25]