Page 425 - Read Online

Davis et al. Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation 2018;5:50 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2347-8659.2018.60 Page 9 of 11

Authors’ contributions
Concept, experimental design, literature review, statistical analysis, manuscript preparation: Davis RL
Performed experiments, data acquisition and analysis, and manuscript editing: Buck DJ
Performed experiments, experimental design, data acquisition and analysis, and manuscript editing:
McCracken K
Performed experiments, data acquisition, and manuscript editing: Cox GW
Performed experiments, data acquisition and analysis, and manuscript editing: Das S

Availability of data and materials
The raw data and materials are housed in the laboratory of Davis RL and available as appropriate.

Financial support and sponsorship
Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science & Technology (HR14-007) (RLD); Oklahoma State
University Center for Health Sciences, Intramural funds (RLD).

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2018.

REFERENCES
1. Wolf SA, Boddeke HW, Kettenmann H. Microglia in Physiology and Disease. Annu Rev Physiol 2017;79:619-43.
2. Nimmerjahn A, Kirchhoff F, Helmchen F. Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo. Science
2005;308:1314-8.
3. Davalos D, Grutzendler J, Yang G, Kim JV, Zuo Y, et al. ATP mediates rapid microglial response to local brain injury in vivo. Nat
Neurosci 2005;8:752-8.
4. Hong S, Dissing-Olesen L, Stevens B. New insights on the role of microglia in synaptic pruning in health and disease. Curr Opin
Neurobiol 2016;36:128-34.
5. Werneburg S, Feinberg PA, Johnson KM, Schafer DP. A microglia-cytokine axis to modulate synaptic connectivity and function. Curr
Opin Neurobiol 2017;47:138-45.
6. Rogers JT, Morganti JM, Bachstetter AD, Hudson CE, Peters MM, et al. CX3CR1 deficiency leads to impairment of hippocampal
cognitive function and synaptic plasticity. J Neurosci 2011;31:16241-50.
7. Schafer DP, Lehrman EK, Stevens B. The “quad-partite” synapse: microglia-synapse interactions in the developing and mature CNS.
Glia 2013;61:24-36.
8. Salter MW, Stevens B. Microglia emerge as central players in brain disease. Nat Med 2017;23:1018-27.
9. Heneka MT, Kummer MP, Latz E. Innate immune activation in neurodegenerative disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2014;14:463-77.
10. Lee SC, Liu W, Dickson DW, Brosnan CF, Berman JW. Cytokine production by human fetal microglia and astrocytes. Differential
induction by lipopolysaccharide and IL-1 beta. J Immunol 1993;150:2659-67.
11. Rustenhoven J, Park TI, Schweder P, Scotter J, Correia J, et al. Isolation of highly enriched primary human microglia for functional
studies. Sci Rep 2016;6:19371.
12. Lokensgard JR, Hu S, van Fenema EM, Sheng WS, Peterson PK. Effect of thalidomide on chemokine production by human microglia. J
Infect Dis 2000;182:983-7.
13. D’Aversa TG, Yu KO, Berman JW. Expression of chemokines by human fetal microglia after treatment with the human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 protein Tat. J Neurovirol 2004;10:86-97.
14. Liu J, Zhao ML, Brosnan CF, Lee SC. Expression of type II nitric oxide synthase in primary human astrocytes and microglia: role of IL-
1beta and IL-1 receptor antagonist. J Immunol 1996;157:3569-76.
15. Park J, Min JS, Kim B, Chae UB, Yun JW, et al. Mitochondrial ROS govern the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory response in microglia
cells by regulating MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways. Neurosci Lett 2015;584:191-6.
16. Cianciulli A, Dragone T, Calvello R, Porro C, Trotta T, et al. IL-10 plays a pivotal role in anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol in