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Sharma et al. Zinc supplementation prevents against LPS induced neurotoxicity in rats

due to early gestational exposure of LPS in rats. increased in co-supplemented group of both male and
[54]
Also, a decrease in number of TH positive cells was female pups in the current study. Also, studies have
observed in rat off-spring following LPS exposure. In reported synergism of zinc and essential fatty acids in
[55]
the case of our study a significant decline in the levels regulating DA, NE and possibly serotonin activity as
of neurotransmitters DA, 5-HT and NE were observed zinc is essential for conversion of dietary pyridoxine to
following LPS exposure which was further found to be its active form, pyridoxal phosphate, and pyridoxine is
improved in pups of zinc-supplemented mothers. This necessary for conversion of tryptophan to 5-HT. [58]
improvement in case of DA level was more significant
in case of male pups as compared to female pups. In the present study, a significant increase in levels of
This improvement in DA level in both sex pups could NE in pups of both genders from LPS treated mothers
be related to the property that DA receptor regulating was observed. The results are supported by the
factor is a zinc finger transcription factor. [56] report that LPS has direct effect on hypothalamus to
stimulate the efflux of NE and this effect was probably
A decrease in 5-HT levels in prenatally LPS exposed due to IL-1β. NE negatively regulates the expression
[59]
male and female pups could be related to decreased of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression at least to
expression of serotonin transporter (5-HTT) was TNF-α which could contribute to the observed anti-
observed in somatosensory cortex using positron inflammatory properties of NE. However, NE levels
[60]
emission tomography in rabbit kits on post-natal day were significantly decreased in co-supplemented
1 when their mothers were injected with 20 µg/kg LPS pups. Further, the female pups from LPS treated
intra-uterine on E28. On the contrary, significant mothers showed significant increase in NO levels and
[57]
augmentation in 5HT content was observed in frontal lipid peroxidation as depicted from increased MDA
cortex of prenatally LPS (1 mg/mL every second day levels. However, in case of female pups from zinc
from E7 until full-term) exposed female pups (PND21). supplemented mothers showed significant decrease
Similarly, 5-HT levels were found to be significantly in NO levels. It has been reported that Zn inhibits
2+

Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation ¦ Volume 4 ¦ March 21, 2017 41