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Del Brutto et al. Neurocysticercosis and hippocampal damage

a remote harmful effect of NCC-induced reactive 2010;30:1705-19.
seizures. It is also possible that cysticerci may lead to 6. Nash TE, Del Brutto OH, Butman JA, Corona T, Delgado-Escueta
an inflammation-mediated hippocampal damage, not A, Duron RM, Evans CA, Gilman RH, Gonzalez AE, Loeb JA,
requiring recurrent seizures as a causative factor, as Medina MT, Pietsch-Escueta S, Pretell EJ, Takayanagui OM,
Theodore W, Tsang VC, Garcia HH. Calcific neurocysticercosis and
has been demonstrated in experimental studies. [18,19] epileptogenesis. Neurology 2004;62:1934-8.
7. Singh G, Burneo JG, Sander JW. From seizures to epilepsy and its
Longitudinal studies are required to demonstrate a substrates: neurocysticercosis. Epilepsia 2013;54:783-92.
causal relationship between NCC and hippocampal 8. Nash T. Edema surrounding calcified intracranial cysticerci: clinical
atrophy. If this causal relationship truly exists, manifestations, natural history, and treatment. Pathog Glob Health
specific biomarkers could be identified to examine 2012;106:275-9.
mechanisms of hippocampal epileptogenesis in 9. Bianchin MM, Velasco TR, Santos AC, Sakamoto AC. On the
relationship between neurocysticercosis and mesial temporal lobe
humans, which have been scarcely investigated. [20] epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis: coincidence or a
This knowledge might allow the development of pathogenic relationship. Pathog Glob Health 2012;106:280-5.
interventions directed to prevent chronic epilepsy in 10. Thom M, Eriksson S, Martinian L, Caboclo LO, McEvoy AW,
NCC and other forms of acquired epilepsy. Duncan JS, Sisodiya SM. Temporal lobe sclerosis associated with
hippocampal sclerosis in temporal lobe epilepsy: neuropathological
DECLARATIONS features. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2009;68:928-38.
11. Bianchin MM, Velasco TR, Araffljo D Jr, Alexandre V Jr, Wichert-Ana
Authors’ contributions L, Terra-Bustamante VC, Martins APP, Santos AC, Walz R, Assirati
JA Jr, Carlotti CG Jr, Takayanagui OM, Sakamoto AC. Clinical
Study design and manuscript drafting: O.H. Del Brutto and electrophysiological differences between mesial temporal lobe
Literature review, significant contribution to intellectual epilepsy and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy plus neurocysticercosis.
manuscript content: V.J. Del Brutto Epilepsia 2006;47:244.
12. Velasco TR, Zanello PA, Dalmagro CL, Araújo D Jr, Santos AC,
Financial support and sponsorship Bianchin MM, Alexandre V Jr, Walz R, Assirati JA, Carlotti CG Jr,
This study was partially supported by Universidad Takayanagui OM, Sakamoto AC, Leite JP. Calcified cysticercotic
Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador. lesions and intractable epilepsy: a cross sectional Study of 512
patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006;77:485-8.
13. Bianchin MM, Velasco TR, Wichert-Ana L, Alexandre V Jr, Araujo
Conflicts of interest D Jr, dos Santos AC, Carlotti CG Jr, Takayanagui OM, Sakamoto
There are no conflicts of interest. AC. Characteristics of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated
with hippocampal sclerosis plus neurocysticercosis. Epilepsy Res
Patient consent 2014;108:1889-95.
Not applicable. 14. da Silva AV, Martins HH, Marques CM, Yacubian EM, Sakamoto
AC, Carrete H Jr, da Silva Centeno R, Stavale JN, Cavalheiro
Ethics approval EA. Neurocysticercosis and microscopic hippocampal dysplasia
Not applicable. in a patient with refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Arq
Neuropsiquiatr 2006;64:309-13.
15. Rathore C, Thomas B, Kesavadas C, Abraham M, Radhakrishnan
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154 Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation ¦ Volume 4 ¦ August 08, 2017