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genetic predisposition, hormonal factors, and arterial adverse events and complications were observed
wall ischemia. [1,4] The pathogenesis of FMD remains suggesting that angioplasty with stenting may
unclear. A number of theories have been proposed, be a safe and effective treatment method for this
including the environmental factors such as smoking condition.
and estrogen, as well as genetic factors; however, about
10% of patients with FMD have an affected family Financial support and sponsorship
member. [5] This study was supported by the National Natural
Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81471195) and
cFMD may be asymptomatic or associated with a the second affiliated hospital of Soochow university
variety of nonspecific symptoms, including headache, preponderant clinic discipline group project funding
tinnitus, vertigo, lightheadedness, and syncope. (Grant No. XKQ2015002).
[1]
The clinical manifestations of cFMD are variable
and depend on a number of factors, including the Conflicts of interest
distribution of vascular bed involvement and the There are no conflicts of interest.
type and severity of the vascular lesions. [6,7] The more
specific neurologic syndromes of TIA, amaurosis REFERENCES
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treatment options for cFMD patients. As previously Gray WA, Gupta R, Hamburg NM, Katzen BT, Lookstein RA,
discussed, antiplatelet therapy is the mainstay of the Lumsden AB, Newburger JW, Rundek T, Sperati CJ, Stanley JC,
medical therapy. For symptomatic patients with carotid American Heart Association Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease;
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with stenting. During the follow‑up period, no scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation

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