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Table 1: Contd...
Study Origin Source Population Measure(s) Results Observations
Dean Australia Victorian Brain 10 bipolar, 10 Western blotting and Transmembrane, Significantly more
et al. [32] (University of Bank Network, major depression, PCR for IL‑1β and but not soluble patients with
Melbourne, Mental Health 19 schizophrenia, TNF‑related measures TNF‑α transcript bipolar disorder
Parkville, VIC) Research 30 age‑ and in the prefrontal cortex increases are had committed
Institute, gender‑matched and in the anterior found in the suicide compared
Parkville, nonpsychiatric cingulate cingulate (BA 24), to the other groups
Australia controls but not prefrontal
cortex (BA 46);
other groups
did not show
such increases;
soluble TNF‑α
and IL‑1β levels
did not differ from
controls in any
mental group;
decreased
TNFR2 levels in
bipolar disorder
in BA 46;
results not
consistent with
neuroinflammation
Gos Germany Magdeburg 8 bipolar versus 9 Hippocampal S100β Numerical No suicide among
et al. [33] (Magdeburg and brain bank (D) major depression levels (indirect density of S100β bipolar disorder
Leipzig) and versus 13 evidence; astrocyte immuno‑positive patients, but 7
Poland (Gdańsk) nonpsychiatric S100β and microglial astrocytes suicides among
controls interleukin‑1 β induce bilaterally major depression
one another)* decreased in patients; no
CA1 pyramidal evidence of
layer in both neuroinflammation
major depression
and bipolar
brains compared
to controls;
decreased
density of S100β
immuno‑positive
oligodendrocytes
in left alveus
only in bipolar
disorder
Hercher Canada Stanley 20 bipolar versus 20 Prefrontal Not different Bipolar patients
et al. [34] (University of Medical schizophrenia versus microglial clustering from controls had committed
British Columbia, Research 20 nonpsychiatric coefficient and and patients with suicide more
Vancouver, BC) Institute’s brain controls prefrontal microglial schizophrenia often than
2
collection density (cells/mm ) controls and had
more often a
heavy drug abuse
history
Fillman Australia (Sydney, Stanley 34 bipolar, 35 Sample Trend for bipolar 15 suicides among
et al. [35] NSW, Australia) Medical schizophrenia, 35 dichotomized to patients to belong bipolar, 7 suicides
and USA Research nonpsychiatriccontrols high‑ (n = 32) to the high among patients
(University of Institute (Array and low‑ (n = 68) inflammation/ with schizophrenia;
Pennsylvania, Cohort) inflammation/stress stress group results partly
Philadelphia, clusters according (n = 11), while support
Pa and Stanley to differences in patients with neuroinflammation
Medical Research inflammatory and schizophrenia in bipolar disorder
Institute, stress‑related gene were significantly
Rockville, Md) transcripts of more likely than
RNA extracted from controls
the frontal (n = 15 vs. 6)
cortex and assessed
through
microarray analysis
and PCR
Contd..

258 Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation | Volume 2 | Issue 4 | October 15, 2015