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Table 1: Most relevant studies about the association between WM abnormalities and affective temperaments in
patients with MDD and suicidal behavior
Authors Study Sample Main results Limitations Conclusion
design
Picerni Cross‑ 100 NS scores as assessed by TCI The study has been conducted on The cerebellum may
et al. [108] sectional healthy were associated positively with healthy individuals. The possible causal be a critical structure
individuals cerebellar gray matter volumes link between cerebellar structures and implicated in novelty
and FA, and negatively with novelty‑related behaviors has not been related behaviors
gray matter mean diffusivity. investigated. The cross‑sectional nature
Harm Avoidance, Reward of this study should also be considered a
Dependence or Persistence further additional limitation
scores were not associated
with cerebellar structural
measures
Laricchiuta Cross‑ 125 Increased bilateral caudate The study has been conducted on healthy Subjects with a
et al. [109] sectional healthy and pallidum volumes have subjects. Finally, the cross‑sectional nature micro‑structure
adults been associated with higher NS of this study should be considered a further of putamen
scores together with increased additional limitation characterized by
MD in the bilateral putamen higher MD values
associated with higher HA may be considered
scores as assessed by TCI. The more vulnerable
biological variance associated in experiencing
with NS or HA personality negative emotional
phenotype may be at least states, withdrawal,
partially explained by macro/ and inhibition
microstructural variations in the
basal ganglia regions
Bjørnebekk Cross‑ 263 Increased RD was associated The study has been conducted on healthy WM microstructure
et al. [110] sectional healthy with decreased FA in anterior individuals. Altered reward processing frontostriatal and
adults regions including frontostriatal should be assessed in patients with major frontolimbic circuits
and frontolimbic circuits. neuropsychiatric disorders. Finally, the may account for
Higher RD was associated cross‑sectional nature of this study should variability in RD
with decreased microstructural be considered a further additional limitation
integrity of the brain WM as
demonstrated by negative
associations between RD and
FA. NS and DTI indices were
not associated
Weber 2‑year 28 EOD Increased Neuroticism The study was limited by the loss of 24% The long‑term
et al. [104] follow‑up elderly factor, Anxiety facet scores, of the participants at follow‑up and the evolution of
patients decreased Warmth and Positive reduced sample size. The number of MDD may be
and 48 Emotions facet scores have relapses between baseline and follow‑up characterized by
HP been observed at baseline time points, or separate comparisons the trait like marker
but reached the level of HP of recurrent vs. single episode EOD depression‑related
at follow‑up. Conversely, cases have not been considered. Finally, personality facet
significantly higher depression the study did not provide an additional
facet scores were found in comparison group of patients with LOD
EOD patients than HP at both
baseline and after 2 years
independently of depressive
relapse
Westlye Cross‑ 263 Increased HA has been The study has been conducted on healthy Structural
et al. [111] sectional healthy associated with reduced FA and subjects. Alterations in axonal density and corticolimbic
adults increased MD and RD in WM membranes together with architecture of connectivity
corticolimbic tracts the insulating myelin sheaths have been may mediate
proposed as candidate mechanisms anxiety‑related
underlying HA although histological aspects of
data were not available. Finally, the personality.
cross‑sectional nature of this study should Reduced WM
be considered a further additional limitation integrity may reflect
higher susceptibility
to psychiatric
disease
Van Cross‑ 68 female A correlation between The study has been conducted on healthy Individual variations
Schuerbeek sectional volunteers temperamental traits as individuals. DTI techniques were not used. in brain morphology
et al. [112] assessed by TCI and WM Environmental factors such as learning may be associated
volume has been reported. and training that may be influenced by with temperament
Specifically, a link between personality have been not controlled. and character
cooperativeness and WM Finally, the cross‑sectional nature of this dimensions
volume of the medial frontal study should be considered a further
and precentral gyrus has been additional limitation
found
Contd...

Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation | Volume 2 | Issue 4 | October 15, 2015 207