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Page 10 of 13 Tang et al. Mini-invasive Surg 2024;8:24 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1225.2024.04

CONCLUSION
The treatment of SNMTs is complex and should be patient-specific. Decision-making for patients with
SNMTs should include a multidisciplinary team of neurosurgeons, otolaryngologists, neuroradiologists,
radiation and medical oncologists, and histopathologists. Additionally, discussions around treatment should
include factors such as SNMT histology, size, location, stage, and extent of involvement of the skull base.
Surgical treatment continues to focus on the goal of achieving negative margins. With the continued
advancement of endoscopic endonasal approaches, EES has become more commonly included in the skull
base surgeon’s armamentarium when caring for patients with SNMTs. Studies have found that EES can
provide similar oncologic outcomes in many SNMTs compared to open approaches while improving
postoperative quality of life and decreasing morbidity. At experienced EES centers, open approaches can be
reserved for tumor extending beyond the anatomic reach of the approach (lateral to mid orbit or optic,
anterior to the posterior table of frontal sinus). In conclusion, the EES is an effective option and plays a
strong role in treating SNMTs with skull base involvement with a goal of margin-negative resection.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Made substantial contributions to conception and design of the study and performed data analysis and
interpretation: Tang A, Adida S, Choby G, Gardner PA
Performed data acquisition and provided administrative, technical, and material support: Tang A, Choby G,
Gardner PA
Draft preparation: Tang A, Adida S
Supervision and revisions: Gardner PA, Choby G

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
Not applicable.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Data and imaging were de-identified, so institutional review board approval from the University of Pittsburgh
was not required.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2024.

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