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patient remains in the hospital overnight, and if there is bile in either drain the next day, an ERCP is
performed and two plastic stents or a covered metal stent are placed. The red Robinson catheter is then
capped prior to discharge and both drains are removed once the fluid is non-bilious, typically within 2
weeks.

In these cases, surgical and gastroenterology colleagues were a readily used resource to solve unusual
gallbladder problems including the cholecystoduodenal fistula and the cholecystocolonic fistula. The
importance of the multidisciplinary team cannot be understated.

DECLARATIONS
Acknowledgments
Arain M. For innovative contributions to the care of these patients

Authors’ contributions
Conception or design of the work: Kirkwood KS
Drafting and critical revision of the article: Ifuku KA, Zhu G, Kirkwood KS

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
The research was conducted in accordance with UCSF Institutional Review Board guidelines. Single case
reports do not require IRB review at UCSF, as we do not consider case reports involving 3 or less patients
(or non-patients) to meet the federal regulatory definition of human subjects research, and the case report
was written for educational purposes. Consent was waived as the procedures were performed exclusively for
the purpose of medical care of the patients.

Consent for publication.
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2023.

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