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Page 14 Qu et al. J Transl Genet Genom 2023;7:3-16 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/jtgg.2022.16

In conclusion, Using ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq approaches in WT C57 BL6J mice andApc Min/+ mice. We
showed that feeding HFD compared to feeding LFD for only three days resulted in epigenetic and
transcriptomic changes in lipid metabolic pathways that provide energy and building blocks to support
accelerated tumor growth. HFD was also shown to downregulate immune system pathways, providing a
more permissive immunologic environment for tumor progression. Since HFD has been previously shown
to accelerate intestinal adenoma development in mice with the Apc Min mutation but not in WT mice,
these findings indicate the need for genetic predisposition to promote tumor growth . Recent studies of
[2]
early-onset colorectal cancer occurring in individuals younger than age 50 years suggest that obesity and
obesogenic diets are contributing factors to the disease . Our studies show that short-duration nutritional
[41]
alterations can modulate epigenetic and transcriptomic factors supporting tumor growth.

DECLARATIONS
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the CWRU Translational Resource for assisting us with RNA isolation and the CWRU
Genomics Core for assisting us with preparing and sequencing our ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq libraries.

Authors’ contributions
Contributed to conception and design of study; contributed to obtaining funding for study: Berger NA,
Scacheri PC, Qu DC
Contributed to preparation of materials and methods of study: Bartels CF, Hill-Baskins AE, Neu D, Qu DC,
Wang R
Contributed to analysis and interpretation of study data: Chan ER, Khawaja ZQ, Lovrenert K, Neu D, Qu
DC
Contributed to writing of manuscript: Berger NA, Khawaja ZQ, Qu DC

Availability of data and materials
The data supporting the manuscript's findings are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Financial support and sponsorship
This work was supported by the National Cancer Institute (P50CA150964, R25 CA221718, and
P30CA043703 to Berger NA; R01 CA160356 and R01 CA193677 to Scacheri PC), the Clinical Translational
Science Collaborative of Cleveland (UL1TR002548 to Berger NA), and the Brian Werbel Memorial Fund
(Case Cancer Center Research Scholar Award to Qu DC).

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
All animal procedures were evaluated and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
of CWRU School of Medicine, Protocol Number 2020-016.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2023.