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(2021B1515130002 and 2023A1515011391), and the Major Science and Technology Infrastructure Project of
Material Genome Big-science Facilities Platform supported by Municipal Development and Reform
Commission of Shenzhen.
Conflicts of interest
Pan, F. is an Associate Editor of the journal Journal of Materials Informatics but was not involved in any
steps of the editorial process, including the selection of reviewers, manuscript handling, or decision-
making. The other authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2025.
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