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Maner et al. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2020;6:37 Journal of Cancer
DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2020.60 Metastasis and Treatment

Review Open Access

Overview of genetic signaling pathway interactions
within cutaneous malignancies

Brittany S. Maner , Leonie Dupuis , Ashley Su , Jeremy J Jueng , Tanner P. Harding , John
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Meisenheimer VII , Fahad S. Siddiqui , Mia R. Hardack , Savina Aneja , James A. Solomon 2,3,6-9
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1 Ross University School of Medicine, Miramar, FL 33027, USA.
2 Ameriderm Research, Ormond Beach, FL 32174, USA.
3 University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
4 University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
5 Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, AL 36303, USA.
6 Advanced Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery, Orlando, FL 32806, USA.
7 Florida State University College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32304, USA.
8 Kansas City University of Medicine & Biosciences, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA.
9 Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL 61820, USA.
Correspondence to: Prof. James A. Solomon, Ameriderm Research, 725 W Granada Blvd Ste 44, Ormond Beach, FL 32174, USA.
E-mails: drjsolomon@ameridermresearch.com; drjsolomon@knights.ucf.edu
How to cite this article: Maner BS, Dupuis L, Su A, Jueng JJ, Harding TP, Meisenheimer VII J, Siddiqui FS, Hardack MR, Aneja
S, Solomon JA. Overview of genetic signaling pathway interactions within cutaneous malignancies. J Cancer Metastasis Treat
2020;6:37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2020.60
Received: 16 Jun 2020 First Decision: 16 Jul 2020 Revised: 17 Aug 2020 Accepted: 26 Aug 2020 Published: 27 Sep 2020

Academic Editor: Lucio Miele Copy Editor: Cai-Hong Wang Production Editor: Jing Yu

Abstract
Melanoma and non-melanoma cutaneous malignancies are some of the leading causes of cancer-related death
in the United States. Though melanoma is more known to have a high mortality rate, the total mortality per year
is nearly equal for between melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. Moreover, the non-melanoma types of
cutaneous malignancies have potential to become locally invasive and even metastasize with very little to no
treatment options when advanced. The development of these malignancies involves various genetic pathways
through the four hallmarks of cancer development: malignant cell growth, apoptosis evasion, the use of supporting
stroma and vascularization, and modulating and promoting an inadequate immune response. The genetic signaling
pathways of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, verrucous carcinoma, basosquamous cell carcinoma,
melanoma, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma interact with each other through genetic predisposition as well as with
environmental exposures. Furthermore, solar ultraviolet radiation and chronic inflammatory states are found to
initiate the progression of many of these cutaneous malignancies. This paper includes validated models of genetic
pathways, emerging pathways, and crosstalk between genetic pathways through the four hallmarks of cancer
development. Moreover, unlike most reviews addressing oncogenetics of the well-recognized, as well as newly

© The Author(s) 2020. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use,
sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as long
as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license,
and indicate if changes were made.

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