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Review

Hepatoma and trematode infestation: a short review
Hepatoma and trematode infestation: a short review

Viroj Wiwanitkit 1,2,3,4,5

1 Department of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan, China
2 Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
3 Department of Biological Science, Joseph Ayobabalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji 233121, Nigeria
4 Department of Community Medicine, Dr. DY Patil Medical University, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
5 Public Health Curriculum, Surin Rajabhat University, Surin 32000, Thailand

ABSTRACT
Hepatoma is a common cancer that can be seen around the world and clinical correlation between infection and hepatoma
is evident. Hepatitis virus infection is proved for its relationship with hepatoma. However, the knowledge of other infections is
still limited. In this short review, the relationship between hepatoma and some trematode infestation including echinococcosis
fascioliasis, opisthorchiasis, clonorchiasis and schistosomiasis are described and discussed. Opisthorchiasis and
clonorchiasis are confi rmed for cholangiocarcinoma carcinogenesis but still lack evidence for hepatoma carcinogenesis.
Schistosomiasis can increase the severity of hepatoma.

Key words: Hepatoma; infestation; trematode

Address for correspondence:
Prof. Viroj Wiwanitkit, Public Health Curriculum, Surin Rajabhat University, Surin 32000, Thailand. E-mail: wviroj@yahoo.com
Received: 10-03-2015, Accepted: 01-06-2015

INTRODUCTION liver (in humans), which is associated with liver cystic disorder
called hydatid cyst. Previous reports indicate a positive correlation
Hepatoma is a common malignancy seen around the world. between liver hydatid cyst and hepatoma. Although it is rare,
[1-6]
The clinical correlation between infection and hepatoma is very hydatid disease needs to be included in differential diagnosis
interesting. Relationship between hepatitis virus infection and of hepatoma. Hoffmann et al. noted that the final diagnosis
[7,8]
[7]
hepatoma is confirmed. Chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis could be derived only if the histopathological examination is
C infects can result in hepatoma carcinogenesis. However, the done. At present, it is accepted that the co-incidence between
knowledge on other infections is still limited. Many tropical hydatid disease and hepatoma is possible, however, there
infections have been continuously studies for the relationship is still no conclusion on the carcinogenesis process due to
with hepatoma. Here, the authors summarize and present the hydatid disease. Kübeck et al. recently noted that some
[6]
information on hepatoma and trematode infestation. authors considered echinococcosis as a trigger for hepatoma
and suggested for further study on such relationship. In fact,
HEPATOMA AND ECHINOCOCCOSIS hydatid disease has a role in causing liver fibrosis and cirrhosis,
[9]
which is a precancerous liver lesion. However, the lesion due to
Echinococcosis is a parasitic infestation primarily observed in hepatic cyst and fibrosis is usually severe. The patient should
not have a long survival to have a fully developed hepatoma as
a consequence.
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Website: HEPATOMA AND FASCIOLIASIS
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Fascioliasis is another common human parasitic
[10]
DOI: infestation. The relationship between fascioliasis and
[11]
10.4103/2394-5079.158390 biliary cirrhosis is speculated in some publications. Vítovec
mentioned for the role of biliary cirrhosis of fasciolar origin
Hepatoma Research | Volume 1 | Issue 2 | July 15, 2015 63