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thermoelectrics.

DECLARATIONS
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Xin Tang for valuable discussions and Nozomi Kurata for technical support.

Author’s contributions
Investigation, data curation, writing - original draft and editing: Kautsar, Z. H.
Investigation, data curation, writing - review and editing: Madavali, B.
Formal analysis, writing - review and editing: Hirai, T.
Supervision, formal analysis, writing - review and editing: Uchida, K.
Supervision, formal analysis, investigation, writing - review and editing: Sepehri-Amin, H.

Availability of data and materials
The data supporting our findings can be found in the Supplementary Materials.

Financial support and sponsorship
This work was supported by ERATO “Magnetic Thermal Management Materials” (Grant No. JPMJER2201)
from Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST).

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2025.

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