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Page 50 of 64                                                    Rehman et al. Energy Mater 2024;4:400068  https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2024.06

                                                              FEC
                        Red P@ nitrogen-doped   Vaporization condensation   1M NaClO  in   Freestanding electrode  -  1,157  2  100  572  10     [306 ]
                                                                     4
                        porous carbon tubes  method           EC/DMC with
                                                              5% FEC
                        Hierarchical porous   Vaporization condensation   1M NaClO  in   AM:acetylene black:PVDF   75.1  861.8   5  1,000  831.1  10  [307 ]
                                                                     4
                        carbon nanospheres/P  process         EC/DEC      (80:10:10)
                        red@black P/N-graphene Solvothermal treatment  1M NaClO  in   AM:Carbon black:PVDF   65.3 465.5  10  1,200  521.3  10    [216]
                                                                     4
                                                              EC/DMC with   (80:10:10)
                                                              5% FEC
                        P@CNTs backboned   Vaporization condensation   1M NaClO  in   AM:C-black:Na-CMC,   69.8 580  2.5  800  430       8       [308 ]
                                                                     4
                        mesoporous carbon  conversion         EC/DEC with 5%  (75:10:15)
                                                              FEC
                        Nanoscale red P/rGO  Phosphorus-amine-based   1M NaClO 4  in   AM:super P acetylene   61.2  390  5  5,000  718   5       [154]
                                         method               EC/DEC with   black:PVDF (70:20:10)
                                                              10% FEC
                1D      Se-induced fibrous nano   Selenium-induced method  1M NaClO  in   -   89.7 1,785  1C  2,800           1,190      25 C    [309 ]
                                                                     4
                        red P                                 EC/PC with 5%
                                                              FEC
                        Red P@carbon nanofiber  Vaporization condensation   1M NaPF 6  in   Freestanding films   -  1,850  0.1  500  -           [157]
                                         method               EC/DEC
                2D      Phosphorene/Ti C T    Self-assembly   1M NaClO  in   AM:carbon black:CMC   63.1  340  1  1,000        193        5       [310]
                                                                     4
                                  3 2 x
                        MXene                                 EC/PC       (70:20:10)
                        phosphorene graphene  Self-assembly   1M NaPF  in   -                 ~80  2,440 0.05  100            -                  [311]
                                                                    6
                                                              EC/DEC with
                                                              10% FEC
                        phosphorene graphene  Electrochemically exfoliated and  1M NaClO  in PC  AM:super P:CMC (70:15:15)  80.6 1,582.6 1  200  1,499  5  [312]
                                                                     4
                                         solution method      with 5% FEC
                        Black P/graphene  Pressure synthesis  1M NaClO  in   Freestanding films   89.5 1,250  1  500          720.8      40      [313]
                                                                     4
                                                              DMC with 10%
                                                              FEC
                3D      Sb7-RP63/C30     High-energy ball milling process  1M NaPF  in PC   AM:super-P:sodium alginate   88  2,356  C/3  70  1,779  2 C  [215]
                                                                    6
                                                              with 2% FEC  (70:15:15)
                        Red P@Carbon     Evacuation-filling process  1M NaClO  in   AM:carbon black:PVDF   -  1363  0.1  150  750        5       [214]
                                                                     4
                        nanocages                             EC/DEC with   (70:20:10)
                                                              10% FEC
                        Nanoporous red P@rGO  Boiling         1M NaClO  in PC  AM:super P:CMC (70:15:15)  78.5 1,250  0.17  150  657     3.47    [150]
                                                                     4
                                                              with 5% FEC
                Bismuth-based anode materials
                0D      Bi@N-doped carbon   Annealing         1M NaPF  in   AM:super P:PVDF (70:20:10)  36.5 235  10  2,000   152        100     [314]
                                                                    6
                        nanospheres                           DME
                        Bismuth          Annealing            1M NaPF  in   AM:Super P:PVDF (80:10:10)  50.3 265  8  30,000   232        60      [315]
                                                                    6
                        Nanoparticle@Carbon                   DME
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