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Page 36 of 64          Rehman et al. Energy Mater 2024;4:400068  https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2024.06

                Antimony-based anode materials
                Antimony-based oxides
                Octahedral Sb O 3  Hydrothermal          53.3  435.6   50       100   NaClO /PC/FEC   [123]
                                                                                          4
                        2
                Sb O @Sb     single-step dealloying      67.9  659     200      29.7 A  NaClO /PC/FEC  [125]
                 2  3                                                            1        4
                                                                                g
                Sb/Sb O @NCNFs electrospinning and carbon thermal   69.9  527.3  100  100   NaClO /EC/DMC  [126]
                   2  3                                                                   4
                             reduction
                Sb O @Sb     Dealloying/oxidation        79.8  526.2   150      1,000  NaPF /EC/DEC/FEC  [127]
                 2  3                                                                    6
                Sb O NPs@C   Hydrothermal                40.2  239     170      1,000  NaClO /EC/DEC/FEC  [128]
                 6
                                                                                          4
                   13
                Sb O -CNT-   Hydrothermal                46.9  360     100      100   NaClO /PC/FEC   [130]
                 2  3                                                                     4
                Graphene aerogel
                Sb O -EGO    Wet chemical                -     345     100      100   NaClO /PC/DMC/FEC [129]
                 2  3                                                                     4
                Antimony-based sulfides
                I-S@MCNTs    Solvothermal                -     400     1,000    400   NaClO / EC/ DEC/FEC [133]
                                                                                          4
                Sb S /SCS    Solvothermal                61.27  455.8  100      100   NaClO4/PC/FEC   [131]
                 2 3
                Sb S /CS     Electrospinning/hydrothermal   61  321    200      200   NaClO4/PC/EC /FEC  [132]
                 2 3
                α-Sb S -CuSbS 2  Closed-space sublimation  82.19  506.7  50     50    NaCF SO  in diglyme  [208 ]
                                                                                          3
                                                                                            3
                  2 3
                Sb S @FeS    Solvothermal method         82.4  534.8   1,000    5,000  NaCF SO  in DEGDME  [134]
                 2 3  2                                                                   3  3
                Sb/CNTs      Electrochemical desulfurization  71  510  200      100   NaClO /PC/FEC   [209 ]
                                                                                          4
                   @SnS@C    Hydrothermal/calcination    79.0  442     200      1,000  NaClO /EC/DMC/FEC [135]
                Sb S 3                                                                    4
                 2
                Sb S @m-Ti C T  Wet Chemical             -     156     100      100   NaClO /EC/PC/FEC  [136]
                 2 3   3 2 x                                                              4
                Sb S @NCR    Carrboniazation/gas-phase sulfuration  67.8  208  100  200  NaClO /EC/DMC/FEC [210]
                                                                                          4
                 2 3
                      S /rGO  Hydrothermal/sulfidation   80.6  162.1.  1,100    5,000  NaClO /EC/DEC  [138]
                MoS @Sb 2 3                                                               4
                  2
                NF-Sb S @rGO  Hydrothermal               72.6  544.8   200      100   NaClO / PC/EC/FEC  [211]
                   2 3                                                                    4
                                                                                   -1
                Sb S /S@S-doped  Template assisted/coupling reaction  63.5  310  500  1 A g  NaClO   4  [212]
                 2 3
                carbon                                                                EC/DEC/DMC/FEC
                Antimony-based selenides
                α-Sb Se /C   Ball milling                65.7  378     50       50    NaClO /EC/PC/FEC  [141]
                  2  3                                                                    4
                ZnS/Sb S @NC  Solvothermal               67.9  511.4   450      1,000  NaPF /diEGME   [213]
                    2 3                                                                  6
                Sb Se /CNT   Ball milling                78.9  428     200      50    NaClO /EC/PC/FEC  [143]
                                                                                          4
                 2
                   3
                Sb Se /rGO   Solvothermal                67.3  511     50       500   NaClO /EC/DMC/FEC [144]
                 2  3                                                                     4
                Sb Se @rGO@NC  Solvothermal              56.0  288.5   100      50    NaClO /DEC/EC/FEC  [145]
                 2  3                                                                     4
                Sb Se /Ti C T  Electrostatic Self-assembly method  87.1  568.9  100  100  NaClO / PC  [146]
                      3 2 x
                   3
                                                                                          4
                 2
                Phosphorous-based anode materials
                NPRP@RGO     Typical redox reaction      78.5  1,249.7  150     173.261 NaClO /PC/FEC  [150]
                                                                                          4
                P-SPAN       Ball milling                71.7  1,355   100      520   NaClO /EC/DEC/FEC  [151]
                                                                                          4
                RP/Graphite  Wet milling/dry milling     ≈ 70.0  1,354  100     -     NaPF /EC/DEC/FEC  [152]
                                                                                         6
                NRP-rGO      Phosphorus-amine-based method  61.2  662  1,400    2,000  NaClO /EC/DEC/FEC  [154]
                                                                                          4
                RP-Porous C  Ball milling                87.3  1,070   200      400   NaClO /EC/DEC/FEC  [153]
                                                                                          4
                P@AC@PPy     VDC/interfacial polymerization  -  484    200      200   NaClO /EC/DEC/FEC  [155]
                                                                                          4
                RP/CS        vaporization-condensation   49.3  1,027   2,000    4,000  HClO4/EC/DMC/FEC  [156]
                P @CNF       Vaporization-condensation   -     1,850   500      100   NaPF /EC/DEC/FEC  [157]
                                                                                         6
                red
                RP@CNC       Phosphorus-amine method/evacuation-  67.5  1,363  150  100  NaClO /EC/DEC/FEC  [214]
                                                                                          4
                             filling process
                Sb -RP  /C   Ball milling                ≈ 90  1,650   70       0.333 C NaPF /PC/FEC  [215]
                 x  (70-x)  30                                                           6
                WDC/CNTs@RP  Vaporization-condensation   81.21  636.3  700      1 C   NaClO /EC/DMC/FEC [159]
                                                                                          4
                RP-          Blending/grinding           65    371.6   100      500   NaPF /EC/DEC/FEC  [158]
                                                                                         6
                MWCNT/MXene
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