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the air and generate toxic H S gas, which is harmful to the human body. To apply them to actual
2
commercial batteries, additives, such as a natural zeolite, that reduce the amount of H S gas should be
2
studied. To achieve a Li metal battery with perfect high capacity and stable operation, an in-depth
understanding of the SEI is essential. In particular, various SEI components can be generated through
chemical additives, so further research on additives with a focus on ionic conductivity and mechanical
properties is crucial. As an alternative approach, solid electrolytes can also be a solution if the low ionic
conductivity is overcome through atomic substitution and the interfacial problem is solved using coatings.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Proposed the topic of this review: Kim JH, Han SA
Prepared the manuscript: Park S, Chaudhary R, Qutaish H
Collectively discussed and revised the manuscript: Moon J, Park MS, Kim JH

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2023

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