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Page 16 of 22 François et al. Carbon Footprints 2026, 5, 22

Table 3. Data used to calculate the partially dynamic GWP indicator in the context of the French regulation RE2020
Building component Service life Reference of EPD Reference flow Amounts of products and scenario Module A Module B Module C

Timber frame wall 100 years (INIES, 2022) 1 m 2 50 m 2
Static GWP GWP100 (kg CO 2 eq) -7.63 0 25
Timeline scenario Time 0 50 m 2
Time 50 50 m 2
Wallpaper for walls and ceilings 10 years (INIES, 2019) 1 m 2 35 m 2
Static GWP GWP100 (kg CO 2 eq) 0.970 0 0.0416
Timeline scenario Time 0 35 m 2
Every 10 year 2 35 m 2
(Time = 10, 20, 30, 40) 35 m each time each time
Time 50 35 m 2
Wood pellet heating system - (INIES, 2021) 1 kWh 2,500 kWh
Static GWP GWP100 (kg CO 2 eq) 0.030
Timeline scenario Time 0 2,500 kWh
Every year 2,500 kWh per year
Time 50 2,500 kWh
Foreground specific product Random data for this example 1 kg 1 kg Specific data detailed by GHG collected by stakeholder
GWP: Global warming potential; GHG: greenhouse gases; LCD: life cycle duration; THI: time horizon of the impact; EPD: environmental product declaration.

Concerning the difference induced by the compatibility criterion, it can be observed by calculating the dynamic indicator with both methods only for the background
system (no CH emissions involved). Applied to the background system, the static GWP100 = 4,871 kg CO eq, the dynamic RE2020 method provides gwp100 =
2
4
3,529 kg CO eq (thus a 28% reduction compared to static indicator) and the dynamic present method provides gwp100 = 3,999 kg CO eq (thus a 18% reduction
2
2
compared to static indicator). Indeed, the calculation basis of the RE2020 regulation is not designed with consideration for the compatibility criterion between static
and dynamic indicators, since the building life cycle is set to 50 years, the time horizon of the impact is set to 100 years, but the total integration time is set to
100 years. With respected compatibility criterion of Equation 14, the total integration time should be set to 150 years, which is respected with the calculation of the
present paper. As a result, the benefits of GHGs emissions spreading on climate change are overestimated by this regulation, as previously theoretically explained by .
[29]
Concerning the distinction of different GHGs in the foreground system, it can be observed by calculating the dynamic indicator with both methods only for the
foreground system (with CH emissions involved). Applied to the foreground system, the static GWP100 = 2,093 kg CO eq, the dynamic RE2020 method provides
4
2