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Page 18 of 20 Corsini et al. Carbon Footprints 2026, 5, 34

Authors’ contributions
Development of concept and model, data analysis: Corsini, C.
Writing-original draft, editing & supervision: Corsini, C.; Chaib, J.; Wang, H.
Edited and revised the manuscript: Corsini, C.; Chaib, J.; Davies, M.; Centeno, D.; Feldmann, R.; Wang, H.

Availability of data and materials
The datasets used and/or analyzed in the current study are available from the corresponding author upon
reasonable request.

AI and AI-assisted tools statement
During the preparation of this manuscript, the AI tool ChatGPT (version 5.3, released 2026-03-03) was used
solely for language editing and for the creation of the graphical abstract. The tool did not influence the study
design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or the scientific content of the work. All authors take full
responsibility for the accuracy, integrity, and final content of the manuscript.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2026.

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