Page 61 - Read Online
P. 61

Page 378                                                       Sale et al. Cancer Drug Resist 2019;2:365-80  I  http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/cdr.2019.14

               Availability of data and materials
               Not applicable.


               Financial support and sponsorship
               Work in the Cook laboratory relevant to this article was supported by Cancer Research UK A14867,
               a Cambridge Cancer Centre PhD Studentship, a BBSRC PhD studentship, to Sale MJ and Cook SJ; an
               AstraZeneca-Cambridge Cancer Centre Collaborative Award, to Sale MJ and Cook SJ; Institute Strategic
               Programme (BB/J004456/1, BB/P013384/1) from BBSRC to Balmanno K and Cook SJ, and AstraZeneca.


               Conflicts of interest
               Some work in Cook SJ’s laboratory, including the salary for Sale MJ, was supported by a sponsored research
               collaboration funded by AstraZeneca. However, Cook SJ receives no personal payment of any kind from
               AstraZeneca. Sale MJ was also a direct employee of AstraZeneca for one year. All other authors declare no
               competing interests.


               Ethical approval and consent to participate
               Not applicable.


               Consent for publication
               Not applicable.


               Copyright
               © The Author(s) 2019.


               REFERENCES
               1.   Holderfield M, Deuker MM, McCormick F, McMahon M. Targeting RAF kinases for cancer therapy: BRAF-mutated melanoma and
                   beyond. Nat Rev Cancer 2014;14:455-67.
               2.   Caunt CJ, Sale MJ, Smith PD, Cook SJ. MEK1 and MEK2 inhibitors and cancer therapy: the long and winding road. Nat Rev Cancer
                   2015;15:577-92.
               3.   Dombi E, Baldwin A, Marcus LJ, Fisher MJ, Weiss B, et al. Activity of selumetinib in neurofibromatosis type 1-related plexiform
                   neurofibromas. N Engl J Med 2016;375:2550-60.
               4.   Jänne PA, van den Heuvel MM, Barlesi F, Cobo M, Mazieres J, et al. Selumetinib plus docetaxel compared with docetaxel alone and
                   progression-free survival in patients with KRAS-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer: the SELECT-1 Randomized Clinical
                   Trial. JAMA 2017;317:1844-53.
               5.   Carvajal RD, Piperno-Neumann S, Kapiteijn E, Chapman PB1, Frank S, et al. Selumetinib in combination with dacarbazine in patients
                   with metastatic uveal melanoma: a phase III, Multicenter, Randomized Trial (SUMIT). J Clin Oncol 2018;36:1232-9.
               6.   Poulikakos PI, Zhang C, Bollag G, Shokat KM, Rosen N. RAF inhibitors transactivate RAF dimers and ERK signalling in cells with
                   wild-type BRAF. Nature 2010;464:427-30.
               7.   Balmanno K, Chell SD, Gillings AS, Hayat S, Cook SJ. Intrinsic resistance to the MEK1/2 inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) is
                   associated with weak ERK1/2 signalling and/or strong PI3K signalling in colorectal cancer cell lines. Int J Cancer 2009;125:2332-41.
               8.   Corcoran RB, Dias-Santagata D, Bergethon K, Iafrate AJ, Settleman J, et al. BRAF gene amplification can promote acquired resistance
                   to MEK inhibitors in cancer cells harboring the BRAF  V600E  mutation. Sci Signal 2010;3:ra84.
               9.   Little AS, Balmanno K, Sale MJ, Newman S, Dry JR, et al. Amplification of the driving oncogene, KRAS or BRAF, underpins acquired
                   resistance to MEK1/2 inhibitors in colorectal cancer cells. Sci Signal 2011;4:ra17.
               10.  Sale MJ, Cook SJ. Intrinsic and acquired resistance to MEK1/2 inhibitors in cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2014;42:776-83.
               11.  Sale MJ, Balmanno K, Saxena J, Ozono E, Wojdyla K, et al. MEK1/2 inhibitor withdrawal reverses acquired resistance driven by BRAF
                   amplification but KRAS amplification drives EMT/chemoresistance. Nat Commun 2019;10:2030.
               12.  Chambard  JC,  Lefloch  R,  Pouysségur  J,  Lenormand  P.  ERK  implication  in  cell  cycle  regulation.  Biochim  Biophys  Acta
                   2007;1773:1299-310.
               13.  Cook SJ, Stuart K, Gilley R, Sale MJ. Control of cell death and mitochondrial fission by ERK1/2 MAP kinase signalling. FEBS J
                   2017;284:4177-95.
               14.  Cagnol S, Chambard JC. ERK and cell death: mechanisms of ERK-induced cell death--apoptosis, autophagy and senescence. FEBS J
                   2010;277:2-21.
               15.  Sewing  A,  Wiseman  B,  Lloyd  AC,  Land  H.  High-intensity  Raf  signal  causes  cell  cycle  arrest  mediated  by  p21 Cip1 .  Mol  Cell  Biol
   56   57   58   59   60   61   62   63   64   65   66