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Special Issue introduction:

Despite the clinical benefit obtained with current cancer immunotherapy, there is a large group
of patients who do not respond or respond poorly to current therapies. In fact, some even show
hyperprogression once immunotherapy is started. Underlying mechanisms of resistance are thought to
be driving this lack of response to immunotherapy.
In the present Special Issue, the various concepts of resistance mechanisms will be summarized. This
will include mechanisms of primary resistance, various barriers to immunotherapies, the selection of
tumour clones that lead to resistance and finally the molecular changes within tumour cells rendering
them resistant to therapy.
An important pillar for studying resistance is the available tools to detect and monitor resistance in
patients. Biomarker tests that can assess emerging or pre-existing intrinsic or extrinsic factors leading
to resistance are perhaps more than ever needed to direct physicians towards seeking novel therapies.
This Special Issue aims to compile a collection of updated research, review and expert opinion articles
on resistance mechanisms, the available strategies to detect such developments and propose potential
novel therapeutic approaches.
Sub-topics:
Concept of resistance to immunotherapy
Potential mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy
Targets for overcoming resistance to immunotherapy

Benefits

Open Access: The full text of each published article can be accessed and downloaded from the journal
website for free. The copyright is owned by all authors.

Rigorous Peer Review: We strictly follow international guidelines (COPE Ethical Guidelines for Peer
Reviewers) and ensure a rigorous peer review process.

Wide Promotion: The full text of each published article is promoted and widely disseminated across
the internet, conferences and academic social media.

Various Academic Events: We provide various academic activities such as special interviews, article-
sharing seminars, and free webinars for authors of the special issue.