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Author Instructions

2.3.3.4 Financial Support and Sponsorship
All sources of funding for the study reported should be declared. The role of the funding body in the experiment design,
collection, analysis and interpretation of data, and writing of the manuscript should be declared. Any relevant grant numbers
and the link of funder’s website should be provided if any. If the study is not involved with this issue, state “None.” in this
section.

2.3.3.5 Conflicts of Interest
Authors must declare any potential conflicts of interest that may be perceived as inappropriately influencing the
representation or interpretation of reported research results. If there are no conflicts of interest, please state “All authors
declared that there are no conflicts of interest.” in this section. Some authors may be bound by confidentiality agreements.
In such cases, in place of itemized disclosures, we will require authors to state “All authors declare that they are bound by
confidentiality agreements that prevent them from disclosing their conflicts of interest in this work.”. If authors are unsure
whether conflicts of interest exist, please refer to the “Conflicts of Interest” of OAE Editorial Policies for a full explanation.

2.3.3.6 Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate
Research involving human subjects, human material or human data must be performed in accordance with the Declaration
of Helsinki and approved by an appropriate ethics committee. An informed consent to participate in the study should also
be obtained from participants, or their parents or legal guardians for children under 16. A statement detailing the name of
the ethics committee (including the reference number where appropriate) and the informed consent obtained must appear
in the manuscripts reporting such research.
Studies involving animals and cell lines must include a statement on ethical approval. More information is available at
Editorial Policies.
If the manuscript does not involve such issue, please state “Not applicable.” in this section.

2.3.3.7 Consent for Publication
Manuscripts containing individual details, images or videos, must obtain consent for publication from that person, or in
the case of children, their parents or legal guardians. If the person has died, consent for publication must be obtained from
the next of kin of the participant. Manuscripts must include a statement that a written informed consent for publication was
obtained. Authors do not have to submit such content accompanying the manuscript. However, these documents must be
available if requested. If the manuscript does not involve this issue, state “Not applicable.” in this section.
2.3.3.8 Copyright
Authors retain copyright of their works through a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that clearly
states how readers can copy, distribute, and use their attributed research, free of charge. A declaration “© The Author(s)
2023.” will be added to each article. Authors are required to sign License to Publish before formal publication.
2.3.3.9 References
References should be numbered in order of appearance at the end of manuscripts. In the text, reference numbers should be
placed in square brackets and the corresponding references are cited thereafter. If the number of authors is less than or equal
to six, we require to list all authors’ names. If the number of authors is more than six, only the first three authors’ names are
required to be listed in the references, other authors’ names should be omitted and replaced with “et al.”. Abbreviations of
the journals should be provided on the basis of Index Medicus. Information from manuscripts accepted but not published
should be cited in the text as “Unpublished material” with written permission from the source. The names of journals
should be italicized.
References should be described as follows, depending on the types of works:

Types Examples
Journal articles by Weaver DL, Ashikaga T, Krag DN, et al. Effect of occult metastases on survival in node-negative
individual authors breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2011;364:412-21. [PMID: 21247310 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1008108]
Organization as author Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Hypertension, insulin, and proinsulin in participants
with impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertension 2002;40:679-86. [PMID: 12411462]
Both personal authors and Vallancien G, Emberton M, Harving N, van Moorselaar RJ; Alf-One Study Group. Sexual dysfunction
organization as author in 1,274 European men suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms. J Urol 2003;169:2257-61. [PMID:
12771764 DOI: 10.1097/01.ju.0000067940.76090.73]
Journal articles not in Zhang X, Xiong H, Ji TY, Zhang YH, Wang Y. Case report of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor
English encephalitis in child. J Appl Clin Pediatr 2012;27:1903-7. (in Chinese)
Journal articles ahead of Odibo AO. Falling stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates in twin gestation: not a reason for
print complacency. BJOG 2018; Epub ahead of print [PMID: 30461178 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15541]
Books Sherlock S, Dooley J. Diseases of the liver and billiary system. 9th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Sci Pub;
1993. pp. 258-96.