Page 58 - Read Online

Page 207 Jabbari et al. Art Int Surg. 2025;5:200-9 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ais.2024.77

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2025.

REFERENCES
1. Molina CS, Faulk J. Lower extremity amputation. StatPearls Publishing: 2024. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/
NBK546594/. [Last accessed on 22 Apr 2025].
2. Ziegler-Graham K, MacKenzie EJ, Ephraim PL, Travison TG, Brookmeyer R. Estimating the prevalence of limb loss in the United
States: 2005 to 2050. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89:422-9. DOI PubMed
3. Goodney PP, Beck AW, Nagle J, Welch HG, Zwolak RM. National trends in lower extremity bypass surgery, endovascular
interventions, and major amputations. J Vasc Surg. 2009;50:54-60. DOI PubMed
4. Abu Dabrh AM, Steffen MW, Undavalli C, et al. The natural history of untreated severe or critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg.
2015;62:1642-51.e3. DOI PubMed
5. Humphries MD, Brunson A, Li CS, Melnikow J, Romano PS. Amputation trends for patients with lower extremity ulcers due to
diabetes and peripheral artery disease using statewide data. J Vasc Surg. 2016;64:1747-55.e3. DOI PubMed PMC
6. Fortington LV, Geertzen JH, van Netten JJ, Postema K, Rommers GM, Dijkstra PU. Short and long term mortality rates after a lower
limb amputation. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2013;46:124-31. DOI PubMed
7. Oh TS, Lee HS, Hong JP. Diabetic foot reconstruction using free flaps increases 5-year-survival rate. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg.
2013;66:243-50. DOI PubMed
8. Gailey R, Allen K, Castles J, Kucharik J, Roeder M. Review of secondary physical conditions associated with lower-limb amputation
and long-term prosthesis use. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2008;45:15-29. DOI PubMed
9. Kuiken TA, Fey NP, Reissman T, Finucane SB, Dumanian GA. Innovative use of thighplasty to improve prosthesis fit and function in
a transfemoral amputee. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2018;6:e1632. DOI PubMed PMC
10. Herr HM, Clites TR, Srinivasan S, et al. Reinventing extremity amputation in the era of functional limb restoration. Ann Surg.
2021;273:269-79. DOI PubMed
11. Sinha R, van den Heuvel WJ, Arokiasamy P. Factors affecting quality of life in lower limb amputees. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2011;35:90-
6. DOI PubMed
12. van der Schans CP, Geertzen JH, Schoppen T, Dijkstra PU. Phantom pain and health-related quality of life in lower limb amputees. J
Pain Symptom Manage. 2002;24:429-36. DOI PubMed
13. Reid RT, Johnson CC, Gaston RG, Loeffler BJ. Impact of timing of targeted muscle reinnervation on pain and opioid intake following
major limb amputation. Hand. 2024;19:200-5. DOI PubMed PMC
14. Kuiken TA, Barlow AK, Hargrove L, Dumanian GA. Targeted muscle reinnervation for the upper and lower extremity. Tech Orthop.
2017;32:109-16. DOI PubMed PMC
15. Dumanian GA, Potter BK, Mioton LM, et al. Targeted muscle reinnervation treats neuroma and phantom pain in major limb amputees:
a randomized clinical trial. Ann Surg. 2019;270:238-46. DOI PubMed
16. Mauch JT, Kao DS, Friedly JL, Liu Y. Targeted muscle reinnervation and regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces for pain prophylaxis
and treatment: a systematic review. PM R. 2023;15:1457-65. DOI PubMed
17. Mohanty AJ, Cederna PS, Kemp SWP, Kung TA. Prophylactic regenerative peripheral nerve interface (RPNI) surgery in pediatric
lower limb amputation patients. Ann Surg. 2024. DOI PubMed
18. Fleming A, Stafford N, Huang S, Hu X, Ferris DP, Huang HH. Myoelectric control of robotic lower limb prostheses: a review of
electromyography interfaces, control paradigms, challenges and future directions. J Neural Eng. 2021;18:041004. DOI PubMed