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Fuleihan et al. Art Int Surg 2024;4:288-95 Artificial
DOI: 10.20517/ais.2024.39
Intelligence Surgery

Perspective Open Access

Navigating artificial intelligence in spine surgery:
implementation and optimization across the care

continuum

Antony A. Fuleihan 1,2 , Arjun K. Menta 1 , Tej D. Azad 1 , Kelly Jiang 1 , Carly Weber-Levine 1 ,
A. Daniel Davidar 1 , Andrew M. Hersh 1 , Nicholas Theodore 1

1
Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
2
Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
Correspondence to: Dr. Nicholas Theodore, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N.
Wolfe St., Meyer 7-113, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. E-mail: theodore@jhmi.edu

How to cite this article: Fuleihan AA, Menta AK, Azad TD, Jiang K, Weber-Levine C, Davidar AD, Hersh AM, Theodore N.
Navigating artificial intelligence in spine surgery: implementation and optimization across the care continuum. Art Int Surg
2024;4:288-95. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ais.2024.39
Received: 8 Jun 2024 First Decision: 4 Sep 2024 Revised: 24 Sep 2024 Accepted: 8 Oct 2024 Published: 12 Oct 2024

Academic Editor: Andrew Gumbs Copy Editor: Pei-Yun Wang Production Editor: Pei-Yun Wang

Abstract
The field of spine surgery has long been characterized by innovations and technological advancements. The
integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into spine surgery represents one of the latest technical developments in
the field. The ability of AI to rapidly analyze datasets improves decision making, risk assessment, intraoperative
precision, and postoperative management, all of which contribute to increasing personalized spine care and
improving outcomes. However, the successful implementation of AI faces regulatory and privacy challenges that
must be addressed before its full potential can be realized. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of the current
applications and future prospects of AI in spine surgery, highlighting both the opportunities and challenges in this
evolving field.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, spine, machine learning, personalized medicine, education, imaging, patient
safety, healthcare technology

© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as
long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and
indicate if changes were made.

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